中药免疫调节剂体外细胞毒性测定

采用形态学观察和MTT两种方法,测试了中药免疫调节剂(TJJ)在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)和小鼠纤维母细胞(L929)体外培养中的最大安全浓度。结果表明:⑴TJJ的细胞毒性很低,对CEF和L929的最大无毒浓度分别达3.12g/L和1.56g/L;⑵两种细胞比较,L929对药物毒性的反应性较CEF更敏感;⑶两种方法比较,MTT法更灵敏、更客观;⑷在同一种细胞的不同生长状态下(形成单层前后)加入TJJ,药物对细胞的毒性结果无变化,说明药物对细胞的毒性与细胞种类有关,而与细胞的生长状态关系不明显。     

中华绒螯蟹养殖群体与野生群体的种群遗传学研究

研究旨在探究安徽中华绒螯蟹种质资源状况以及资源混杂程度,以期为中华绒螯蟹资源的科学保护、合理利用以及相关产业政策的制定提供理论依据。采集了中华绒螯蟹4个养殖群体和长江野生群体共170尾样本,基于线粒体分子标记,进行种群遗传学分析。结果表明,长江野生中华绒螯蟹遗传多样性低,盲目捕捞可能造成野生资源衰退。野生群体与养殖群体间未出现显著遗传分化,存在严重的种质混杂。研究探明了长江中华绒螯蟹的资源现状,为其科学的保护提供理论依据。     

中晚熟大白菜新品种玉莲1 号的选育

玉莲1 号是以自交不亲和系玉田包尖S05-8 为母本,自交不亲和系莲舒S05-23 为父本杂交后选育而成的直筒中晚 熟大白菜一代杂种。生育期80～85 d（天）,植株为直筒型,绿白帮,叶色深,株高约48 cm,开展度62 cm 左右,叶片光亮, 略带褶皱,外叶直立。球心叶黄绿色,球高43 cm、粗15 cm,单球质量2.4 kg,一般每667 m² 产量8 800 kg。耐贮藏,叶球柔 软,风味品质好。田间对抗病毒病、霜霉病、软腐病、干烧心的抗性好于对照津绿75。适宜辽宁、吉林及相似生态区种植。     

山药不同处理方式的保存效果

运用涂抹草木灰、石蜡及自然干燥、吹风机干燥等方法对山药茎段切口进行处理,研究不同切口处理方式对山药外观及品质的影响;比较不同浓度壳聚糖与15%柠檬酸组合对切片的保鲜影响,进行山药茎段切口处理方法及切片表面处理方法的筛选。结果表明:室温下涂抹草木灰对鲜切山药茎段的贮藏效果最好;4℃条件下,15%柠檬酸+0.5%壳聚糖处理对山药切片的保鲜效果最好。     

金银花等复方草药对牙鲆生长、消化和免疫能力的影响

将大(394.5～401.8g)、中(283.8～324.3g)、小(94.5～112.3g)3种规格的牙鲆(Paralichthysolivaceus)放养在8个10.0m×10.0m×0.8m水泥池中,投喂含金银花、人参和山楂等中草药的饲料。经28d、56d和83d的饲养表明,摄食含中草药饲料的大、中、小规格鱼的瞬时增重率分别比对照组提高22.4%、18.9%和2.9%(P<0.05);饲料系数分别下降20.77%、4.26%～39.42%和12.14%,饲料转化效率提高3.0%～36.4%、23.53%和11.1%(P<0.05);胃和肠蛋白酶活性分别显著地提高11.66%、13.49%、9.13%和11.3%、16.64%、8.55%(P<0.05);胃和肠淀粉酶活性分别提高2.63%、3.77%、2.31%和6.5%、14.47%、5.54%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);血清溶菌酶和总蛋白含量分别提高12.43%、15.38%～17.31%、14.43%～17.56%和7.07%、5.28%～11.54%和7.82%～8.75%,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);血清SOD活力显著提高9.53%、9.09%和15.14%(P<0.05)。     

盐碱地引种文冠果及柽柳初步研究

对于盐碱较重的试验地施用农家肥改良土壤后,播种文冠果,试验结果表明:文冠果的pH值适应范围、耐盐量和生长量比对照均有提高;在试验地的柽柳引种区,对植树穴进行了客土处理和煤灰隔离层处理,结果表明,2种处理柽柳的高生长和地径与对照之间均达到差异显著,说明客土处理和煤灰层处理能够降低土壤pH值,有效提高柽柳的生长量。     

高寒山区地形序列土壤有机碳和无机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素

地形、生物气候条件具有明显差异的青藏高原约占我国陆地面积的五分之一,开展该地区土壤有机碳和无机碳分布特征的研究对于理解青藏高原土壤碳循环过程与陆地碳库的精确预测以及应对全球气候变化具有重要意义。研究选取位于祁连山中段的阴、阳坡地形序列土壤,分析了不同坡向间以及同一坡向内随海拔高度变化土壤有机碳和无机碳的垂直分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:阴、阳坡有机碳含量均随土壤深度增加而下降,但阳坡下降的速率(66%~91%)明显高于阴坡(31%~77%);阴坡土壤中碳酸钙基本淋失,通体无机碳含量较低(5.0 g kg-1),阳坡B层土壤无机碳含量是A层的2倍,表现为明显富集。阴坡和阳坡1 m土体总碳密度相当(分别为16.1~33.9 kg m-2和11.8~32.8 kg m-2),其中,阴坡以有机碳为主(占总碳密度的82%~99%),而阳坡有机碳和无机碳密度变化均较大(分别占总碳密度的27%~81%和19%~73%)。因此,坡向是影响高寒山区土壤碳垂直分布和组成的重要因素。此外,降雨量和植被类型对地形序列土壤有机碳和无机碳含量的空间变异也具有重要影响:降雨量每增加1 mm,表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳含量增加0.4 g kg-1,而淀积层(40~80 cm)土壤无机碳含量下降0.2 g kg-1;植被类型在一定程度上影响了土壤有机碳的富集程度。本研究揭示了青藏高寒山区土壤碳循环及其碳库预测应充分考虑微地形对坡面尺度下土壤碳垂直分布、碳库组成和空间变异的影响。     

Genetic diversity of winter wheat in Shaanxi province, China, and other common wheat germplasm pools

Cultivated Chinese wheat germplasm has been a valuable genetic resourcein international plant breeding. Landraces endemic to China are a geneticresource that is distinct from other wheat germplasm. Patterns of geneticdiversity among cultivated Chinese accessions and relationship to othergermplasm pools are unknown, despite the proven value and potential novelty. Theobjective of this work was to determine the level of genetic diversity withinimproved Chinese germplasm in the context of several other wheat germplasmpools. We analyzed a set of improved accessions cultivated from the 1940s to the1990s in Shaanxi province, China, using six simple sequence repeat (SSR) primerpairs and 30 restriction fragment length polymorphism - probe enzymecombinations (RFLP-PEC) previously used to characterize 21 geographically basedgermplasm pools. Shaanxi germplasm consists of three groups based on foreignintroductions from Italy, Australia, Denmark, and Russia. There was a decreasein genetic diversity among Shaanxi accessions cultivated in the 1970s and 1980sto the 1990s, and accession classifications based on primary decade ofcultivation were found to be significantly undifferentiated. The analysis of themean genetic distance among 22 geographically based pools of germplasm suggestsseveral regions are significantly undifferentiated. A vast majority of the totalamount of variation was found within pools; therefore, pools appear to belargely differentiated based on small differences in band relative frequency andfew if any unique bands. Previous studies have identified some Chinese landracepools as morphologically and genetically unique. The Shaanxi pool does not havethe same unique morphological or genetic features, nor is it more similar to thelandrace pools than other improved germplasm pools.     

黄土高原植被净初级生产力时空变化及其影响因素

为了探明黄土高原地区植被生产力变化的驱动机制,该文基于MODIS传感器获得的MOD17A3数据,分析了黄土高原2000-2010年间植被净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)的时空变化及其主要影响因素,并借助多元统计分析方法对引起NPP变化的自然和人为因素进行量化分析。结果表明:黄土高原植被总NPP从2000年的119 Tg(以C计)增加到2010年的144 Tg(以C计),年增速4.57 g/(m2·a)(P0.05)(以C计)。黄土高原约91%的区域NPP呈增加趋势,37%的区域增加趋势显著,主要分布在陕西、青海大部分地区、甘肃南部及宁南山区。整个黄土高原近11 a间NPP变化受自然和人为因素共同影响,其中退耕还林还草累计面积、帕尔默干旱指数(palmer drought severity index,PDSI)、耕地面积和人口数量是影响NPP变化的主要因素。退耕还林还草累计面积占四者总贡献率的43%,PDSI占40%,耕地面积和人口数量分别占13%和4%。对区域而言,由退耕还林还草工程引起的土地利用覆被变化是退耕区(陕北、甘肃东南部等)NPP增加的主要因素,而近年来干旱情况的缓解(PDSI呈上升趋势)则是青海、内蒙古等地NPP增加的主要因素。该研究对于黄土高原各区域生态资源管理,以及生态系统的建设具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

Molecular cloning and expression of a novel eukaryotes elongation factor1A gene (ZjeEF-1α) from Chinese jujube in response to phytoplasma infection

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) in plant is a multifunctional protein. In our previous study, we identified a 651-bp EST sequence of eEF-1α from a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), which was established under jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasma stress. Here we isolated the eEF1A gene (ZjeEF-1α, JF488063) from Chinese jujube by single oligonucleotide nested (SON)-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). ZjeEF-1α contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1344 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 447 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 49.29 kDa and a theoretical pI of 9.10. ZjeEF-1α shared over 92% similarity with eEF-1α proteins from other 24 eukaryotes including plants and animals. Search Pfam predicted that ZjeEF-1A contains three typical eEF1A functional domains. Moreover, the corresponding genomic sequence of ZjeEF-1α was also sequenced, in which a 115-bp intervening sequence with splicing site GT-AG was found. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting assays revealed that the expression of ZjeEF-1α was enhanced in resistant cultivar ‘Xingguang’ and decreased in sensitive cultivar ‘Zanhuangdazao’ at early stages of phytoplasma infection. It is proved that ZjeEF-1A expression is early response to phytoplasma infection and its possible functions in resistant process to JWB phytoplasma are discussed.