Effect of Sesbania rostrata on Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Lowland Rice

Nitrogen inputs into rice fields can be increased by cultivation of green manure crops. Many Sesbania species have been generally grown by the rice farmers in India and these green manures are capable of contributing significant amount of nitrogen in 45 to 90 days period by their association with the nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacterium – Rhizobium . Field experiments conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, during Dry and Wet seasons in 1987–88 with medium duration (145 days) rice variety CO 43. Sesbania rostrata produced higher biomass on 60th day after sowing and accumulated higher percentage of nitrogen. Application of fertilizer nitrogen with S. rostrata have increased the nitrogen uptake and yield of rice.     

小叶锦鸡儿转录因子CBF／DREB1 cDNA全长的克隆

以旱生豆科植物小叶锦鸡儿为材料,利用RT—PCR和RACE方法克隆了CBF／DREB1基因eDNA全序列。结果表明：小叶锦鸡儿CBF／DREB1序列全长为1,022bp,包括565bp的开放阅读框（ORF）,起始密码子为ATG,终止密码子为TAA,包括128bp的5’UTR、279bp的3’UTR、加尾信号AATAAA和poly（A）12。     

不同种源柠条纤维形态的比较

选用内蒙古地区6个种源的柠条材料各1份,测定其纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维的长宽比,结果表明:所测试的柠条材料的纤维长度在0.45～0.49 mm之间,可作为造纸原料;纤维宽度较小,纤维的长宽比在适宜范围内,均满足造纸和纤维工业原料对纤维宽度和长宽比的要求;其中编号为Yang-5和JCG-6两个材料的综合纤维形态表现最好。     

小叶锦鸡儿播种苗结瘤特性的研究

对小叶锦鸡儿播种苗结瘤特性定期观测结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿播种苗的根瘤形状各异,多为棒状,主要分布在侧根上。1年生播种苗根瘤多集中分布在地面以下10~20 cm的根系范围内,平均结瘤率为85%。随着生长时间的延长,主根上的根瘤数量逐渐减少,而侧根上的根瘤数量则不断增加,在8月中旬开始出现结瘤高峰。随着生长年限的增加,小叶锦鸡儿的结瘤能力不断提高,但由于栽植密度的增加,结瘤数量则不断减少。土壤养分和水分条件对小叶锦鸡儿1年生播种苗单株结瘤量有一定的影响。施用N、P、K复合肥后,1年生播种苗单株结瘤数量比对照减少了25%,控水处理与对照相比结瘤数量减少了45.6%。施用根瘤菌接种剂使小叶锦鸡儿1年生播种苗的单株结瘤数量比对照提高了39.2%,播种苗株高、地上部分干重和总干重分别比对照提高了12%、18.4%和13.1%。小叶锦鸡儿播种苗的结瘤量与多项生长指标呈显著的相关性。     

Characteristics of root pullout resistance of Caragana korshinskii Kom. in the loess area of northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Roots exert pullout resistance under pullout force, allowing plants to resist uprooting. However, the pullout resistance characteristics of taproot-type shrub species of different ages remain unclear. In this study, in order to improve our knowledge of pullout resistance characteristics of taproot systems of shrub species, we selected the shrub species Caragana korshinskii Kom. in different growth periods as the research plant and conducted in situ root pullout test. The relationships among the maximum pullout resistance, peak root displacement, shrub growth period, and aboveground growth indices (plant height and plant crown breadth) were analyzed, as well as the mechanical process of uprooting. Pullout resistance of 4-15 year-old C. korshinskii ranged from 2.49 (±0.25) to 14.71 (±4.96) kN, and the peak displacement ranged from 11.77 (±8.61) to 26.50 (±16.09) cm. The maximum pullout resistance and the peak displacement of roots increased as a power function (R²=0.9038) and a linear function (R²=0.8242) with increasing age, respectively. The maximum pullout resistance and the peak displacement increased with increasing plant height; however, this relationship was not significant. The maximum pullout resistance increased exponentially (R²=0.5522) as the crown breadth increased. There was no significant relationship between the peak displacement and crown breadth. The pullout resistance and displacement curve were divided into three stages: the initial nonlinear growth, linear growth, and nonlinear stages. Two modes of failure of a single root occurred when the roots were subjected to vertical loading forces: the synchronous breakage mode and the periderm preferential breakage mode. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of the soil reinforcement and slope protection mechanisms of this shrub species in the loess area of northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.     

亚玛雷克沙漠猫头刺和小叶锦鸡儿灌丛结构与风影沙丘间的关系

以亚玛雷克沙漠丘间地猫头刺(Oxytropis aciphylla Ledeb.)及小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)2种典型灌丛及其风影沙丘为研究对象,采用摄影测量法获得了灌丛及其风影沙丘野外测量数据,分析了2种灌丛结构及其与风影沙丘间的关系。结果表明:在生境相同的情况下,猫头刺的平均积沙面积远小于小叶锦鸡儿,但平均积沙量却大于小叶锦鸡儿。植株高度、冠幅及植株迎风面剖面面积均为控制灌丛积沙效果的关键特征参数。在灌丛大小相近的情况下,猫头刺灌丛结构与风影沙丘特征参数间相关性更大些,积沙效果要优于小叶锦鸡儿。2种灌丛高度及灌丛迎风面剖面面积与其风影沙丘底面积、沙丘长度与沙丘体积总体上具有较高的拟合程度。2种灌丛的阻沙能力随着灌丛高度和灌丛迎风面剖面面积的增加呈不同增加趋势,且猫头刺阻沙能力大于小叶锦鸡儿。     

SOIL SEED BANK CHARACTERISTICS BENEATH AN AGE SEQUENCE OF CARAGANA MICROPHYLLA SHRUBS IN THE HORQIN SANDY LAND REGION OF NORTHEASTERN CHINA

To understand how shrub cover affects the spatiotemporal patterns of the soil seed bank and to assess the role of vegetation in the restoration of desertified land in a semi‐arid region of China, we investigated the species composition and seed density of the soil seed bank under and outside the canopies over two seasons for an age sequence of Caragana microphylla shrubs in the Horqin Sandy Land region, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that a total of 24 plant species seeds were present in the soil seed bank, of which 20 were annuals or biennials. The seed densities in the soil seed bank were in the range of 830 – 13882·5 seeds m⁻² at 10 cm depth. Species richness in the soil seed bank did not increase as the shrubs aged, whereas the seed densities increased significantly. Five annual species: Setaria viridis, Eragrostis pilosa, Chenopodium acuminatum, Chenopodium glaucum and Corispermum acuminatum, contributed above 90 per cent of the seeds to the soil seed bank. On the basis of seed characteristics and seed reduction amount during the growing season, we concluded that it represents a mixture of persistent and transient seeds in different proportions. More seeds accumulated under the canopies than outside the mature shrub cover, but no significant difference was found the younger cover. These results suggest that shrub size and age had an important role in augmenting seed abundance of the soil seed bank but not the species richness. We confirmed the important effects of shrub cover on seed accumulation and vegetation recovery, especially the value of more mature age vegetation for countering land degradation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氮添加对锡林郭勒灌丛草原羊草(Leymus chinensis)化学计量特征的影响

本研究以内蒙古锡林郭勒小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)灌丛草原优势物种羊草(Leymus chinensis)为研究对象,研究氮添加对羊草碳、氮、磷元素含量及其化学计量特征的影响。结果表明氮添加对羊草茎叶N,P含量和叶片C∶N,C∶P影响显著;不同氮添加水平对灌丛下和灌丛间羊草C,N,P含量及其化学计量特征的影响存在分异;随氮添加的增加,灌丛间羊草茎叶C∶N和叶片C∶P呈降低趋势,灌丛下羊草茎叶化学计量特征变化不显著;灌丛下羊草茎叶C,N,P含量及其化学计量特征的变异系数均低于灌丛间羊草;氮添加显著影响灌丛间羊草茎叶N含量,C∶N和C∶P,但是,氮添加对灌丛下羊草茎叶化学计量特征影响不显著。小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化过程可能会削弱氮添加对草本植物叶片C,N,P含量及化学计量特征的影响,本研究结果为草原生态系统管理提供了新的视角和重要的理论依据。     

柠条种子萌发特性的研究

[目的]为新疆的植被恢复与建设工作提供基础数据.[方法]研究了温度、湿度、光照处理对不同种源柠条种子的发芽影响.[结果]各种源柠条种子在5、30℃时不发芽,在10～25℃范围内,其发芽率、发芽势、活力指数均随着温度的升高逐渐升高,随着发芽湿度和光照强度的增加而呈现下降的趋势.[结论]柠条种子发芽的理想条件是温度25℃、湿度50％、无光照或弱光处理.     

黄土丘陵区人工柠条林土壤酶活性与养分变化特征

为揭示黄土丘陵区柠条人工林地土壤生物活性与肥力恢复过程,选择退耕种植柠条后恢复15 a、30 a、40 a的林地作为研究对象,并以坡耕地（CK）为对照,研究了柠条林地恢复过程中土壤4种酶活性变化特征及其与碳氮磷养分关系。结果表明：坡耕地种植柠条林后土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著增加,而随着柠条年限的增长,脲酶、蔗糖酶活性变化比过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶更敏感,均呈现出递增的趋势,对比耕地,在0～10 cm土层蔗糖酶增幅可达40%,84%,109%,而脲酶增幅可达5.32,6.11,8.58倍,随着土壤深度的增加,酶活性降低。相关性分析表明,脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤可溶性有机碳氮,速效磷,有机碳,全氮,全磷之间都具有显著或极显著的正相关关系（P<0.05,P<0.01）,可以作为评价柠条林土壤质量的生物学指标。