甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导与植株再生

以10份不同基因型甜(辣)椒为试材进行花药培养,通过对基因型、取蕾时期、低温预处理、热激处理、碳源及外源激素浓度配比等因素的研究,建立有效的甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体发生体系.结果表明:基因型是限制甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导的关键因素,不同品种间出胚率差异显著,其中品种003出胚率最高,为10.8%;处于盛花期的花蕾最适于甜(辣)椒花药培养;4℃低温预处理1-3 d有利于胚状体的诱导,以处理2 d的胚状体产率最高;以2%的麦芽糖代替3%的蔗糖能显著提高出胚率和子叶形胚的比率,筛选出适于甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导的最佳培养基为Ms+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L KT+2%麦芽糖,能有效地提高出胚率并促进植株冉牛;获得了6个基因型的子叶形胚和再生植株.     

不同培养条件对循化线辣椒疫霉菌产孢量的影响

[目的]探讨不同培养条件对循化线辣椒疫霉病产孢量的影响。[方法]针对光照时数、pH、培养基以及温度对循化线辣椒疫霉菌分离培养过程中产孢量的影响进行了研究。[结果]循化线辣椒疫霉菌在24 h/天光照、pH为7.0、马铃薯培养基（PSA）和30℃条件下产孢量最大,其中pH、基础培养基和温度对产孢量影响较大。[结论]为循化线辣椒在自然界发病条件方面的研究奠定了基础。     

苦参对辣椒枯萎病的抑菌活性

[目的]探讨苦参对辣椒枯萎病的抑菌活性。[方法]采用生长速率法和悬滴法测试不同溶剂、浓度苦参提取物对辣椒枯萎病菌的抑制作用。[结果]乙酸乙酯与丙酮提取苦参所得粗提物的抑菌率显著高于乙醇。随着苦参乙酸乙酯粗提液浓度的增大,其对枯萎病病菌菌丝生长及孢子萌发抑制作用均显著增强;在质量浓度为40 g/L时,其对辣椒枯萎菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发抑制率分别达到94.48%、89.01%。[结论]苦参根中所含活性物质对辣椒枯萎病的抑菌活性较强,具有进一步研究开发的价值。     

Molecular characterization of the CP gene and 3'UTR of Chilli veinal mottle virus from South and Southeast Asia

Twenty-four isolates of Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) from China, India, Indonesia, Taiwan and Thailand were analysed to determine their genetic relatedness. Pathogenicity of virus isolates was confirmed by induction of systemic mosaic and/or necrotic ringspot symptoms on Capsicum annuum after mechanical inoculation. The 3' terminal sequences of the viral genomic RNA were determined. The coat protein (CP) coding regions ranged from 858 to 864 nucleotides and the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) from 275 to 289 nucleotides in length. All isolates had the inverted repeat sequence GUGGNNNCCAC in the 3'UTR. The DAG motif, conserved in aphid-transmitted potyviruses, was observed in all isolates. All 24 isolates were considered as belonging to ChiVMV because of their high CP amino acid and nucleotide identity (more than 94·8 and 89·5%, respectively) with the reported ChiVMV isolates including the pepper vein banding virus (PVBV), the chilli vein-banding mottle virus (CVbMV) and the CVbMV Chiengmai isolate (CVbMV-CM1). Based on phylogenetic analysis, ChiVMV isolates including all 24 isolates tested, PVBV, CVbMV and CVbMV-CM1 can be classified into three groups. In addition, a conserved region of 204 amino acids with more than 90·2% identity was identified in the C terminal of the CP gene of ChiVMV and Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), and may explain the serological cross reaction between these two viruses. The conserved region may also provide useful information for developing transgenic resistance to both ChiVMV and PVMV.     

辣椒氮、磷、钾、镁肥效应研究

为促进辣椒平衡施肥,以田间试验方法研究辣椒对氮、磷、钾、镁4种营养元素效应,试验表明氮、钾、镁对辣椒产量有显著的影响,与OPT处理相比,OPT-N、OPT-K、OPT-Mg处理分别减产38．2％、36。6％和21．8％。施钾能显著增加辣椒果实维生素c含量。施肥影响到辣椒叶片、茎干和果实对营养成分的吸收。此试验OPT处理的N、P：O,、K20、MgO肥料利用率分别为22．9％、2．4％、33．4％和4．0％。每形成1000kg辣椒果实吸收3．69埏的N,O．53kg的PzOs,4．15kg的KzO和0．38kg的MgO,辣椒吸收N2P3 05、K20、MgO的比例约为l：0．14：1．12：0．10。     

3种诱导剂对辣椒幼苗抗寒性的影响

以福湘佳玉辣椒为试验材料,研究低温胁迫下喷施水杨酸、多效唑和甜菜碱对辣椒幼苗植株形态和生化指标的影响.结果表明:适宜浓度的诱导剂处理均能减轻辣椒幼苗的低温伤害程度,提高幼苗壮苗复合指标值;诱导剂处理幼苗叶中的叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性均高于对照植株,呈先升后降趋势,各诱导剂处理叶绿素、可溶性糖含量的最大值分别比对照高25.93%和61.54%,脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性的最大值分别为对照的1.93倍和2.34倍;相对电导率与丙二醛含量均低于对照植株,呈先降后升趋势,相对电导率与丙二醛含量的最小值分别比对照减少了33.44%和79.31%;3种诱导剂中以水杨酸的抗寒效果较好,多效唑最差,且以7.5 mmol/L水杨酸处理的效果最佳.     

辣椒种质资源的遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对90份辣椒种质资源遗传多样性进行分析,从200个RAPD引物中筛选出10个引物分别对供试材料的DNA进行扩增,共扩增出70个位点,其中多态性谱带38条,多态性程度为54.3％.平均每个引物产生7条多态性谱带,每个引物可扩增出4～9条,谱带大小为100～2000 bp.对RAPD结果进行聚类分析...     

无公害三樱椒优质高产栽培模式

介绍无公害三樱椒优质高产栽培模式,主要包括选择基地、选用良种、培育壮苗、整地定植、田间管理和病虫害防治等内容。     

运用SRAP分子标记鉴定辣椒杂交种纯度

摘要：以辣椒品种航椒4号和航椒5号及其亲本H09-4、H09-2、WS-3、B-2-2为试验材料,运用SRAP分子标记技术研究了辣椒杂种与其亲本之间 扩增条带的多态性,鉴定和分析了航椒4号辣椒品种的真实性。结果表明,所试验的18对SRAP引物中有13对引物分别在2个辣椒杂交种和其亲本之间存在扩增条带的多态性,平均每个引物组合扩增的清晰条带数为23.5条,多态性比率为58.89%,其中有3条偏母型引物,2条偏父型引物, 2条互补型引物。用互补型引物DC1-EM9对航椒4号和航椒5号进行了各100粒种子SRAP鉴定,所测纯度分别为100%和97.3%,与田间纯度100%和98.9%非常接近,表明了SRAP分子标记技术是鉴定辣椒一代杂种纯度的有效方法,具有准确、可靠、快速的特点,在辣椒杂交种子纯度室内快速检测中有很大的应用前景。     

DNA profiling of Capsicum landraces of Manipur

Seven chilli landraces of Manipur belonging to three cultivated species of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense) form economically important food crops of the region. The genotypes were characterized using ten random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient calculated by UPGMA method differentiated the genotypes into two main cluster groups. One cluster represented the C. annuum genotypes while the other cluster represented the C. frutescens and the C. chinense genotypes. C. chinense genotypes were more close to C. frutescens genotypes. Genetic variation between the C. frutescens genotypes was more than among the C. annuum genotypes and the C. chinense genotypes were the least similar ones.