苹果树补钙技术

钙是苹果树生长发育所必需的营养元素之一,在苹果树栽培过程中需要合理补充钙质。针对目前果农为苹果树补钙存在的问题,结合生产实践提出科学的补钙方案及技术措施,以期为广大果农提供参考。     

钙对花生生长发育调控的研究进展

钙(Ca)是植物生长发育必需的营养元素之一,参与植物生长发育的全过程。本文概述了钙在植物体内的作用方式及存在形式,并详细阐述了Ca对花生生长发育的影响,提出了今后的研究方向。     

新型营养添加剂纽甜-钙螯合物的合成

[目的]合成纽甜-钙螯合物,对其结构进行表征,并对其合成工艺进行优化。[方法]以纽甜和CaCO3为原料合成纽甜-钙螯合物,运用正交试验对螯合物的合成条件进行优化;通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析、粉末衍射对螯合物结构进行表征。[结果]最佳的合成工艺条件为n（纽甜）∶n（CaCO3）1∶2,反应温度90℃,反应时间3 h。纽甜与微量元素钙成功配位,且晶型良好,螯合物中钙的含量约为9.20%,推断其组成为Ca（C20H30N2O5）.H2O。[结论]该研究为纽甜-钙螯合物的合成提供了一种高效的方法。     

离子色谱法对食品中丙酸钙的测定

[目的]研究食品中丙酸钙含量的检测方法。[方法]分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法和直接提取法从样品中提取丙酸钙,用离子色谱法分别测定提取液中丙酸钙的含量。[结果]配制乙酸、丙酸和甲酸根离子混合标准溶液,做出乙酸、丙酸和甲酸根离子线性曲线,得到乙酸根离子线性相关性为99.91%,丙酸根离子线性相关性为99.92%,甲酸根离子线性相关性为99.95%,该方法中丙酸根离子的最低检出限为5 mg/L。样品溶液中加入400 mg/L丙酸根离子标准溶液做加标回收率试验,平均加标回收率为98.98%。在相同试验条件下,对400 mg/L丙酸根离子标准溶液进样6次,其相对标准偏差小于0.8%。[结论]样品处理的最佳方法为水蒸气蒸馏法。     

年龄及泌乳阶段对荷斯坦奶牛日粮钙、磷表观消化率的影响

本文对不同阶段荷斯坦育成牛(12月龄、18月龄、24月龄)、泌乳牛(1、2、5、9泌乳月)及围产期牛(围产前期、围产后期)的日粮Ca、P表观消化率进行了比较研究。试验奶牛饲喂生产日粮,各阶段育成牛日粮Ca含量为8.8~9.4g/kg,P含量为3.1~3.2g/kg;各阶段泌乳牛日粮Ca含量为10.2~10.6g/kg,P含量为5.6g/kg;围产期牛各阶段Ca含量为10.6~14.0g/kg,P含量为3.8~5.6g/kg。研究结果表明,24月龄和12月龄育成牛日粮Ca、P表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05),Ca表观消化率均显著高于18月龄(P0.05),P表观消化率极显著高于18月龄(P0.01)。泌乳牛日粮Ca、P表观消化率随泌乳期的延长而降低,1泌乳月、2泌乳月奶牛日粮Ca、P表观消化率显著高于5泌乳月、9泌乳月奶牛(P0.05),1泌乳月与2泌乳月及5泌乳月与9泌乳月之间的日粮Ca、P表观消化率差异均不显著(P0.05)。围产后期奶牛日粮Ca、P表观消化率显著高于围产前期奶牛日粮Ca、P表观消化率(P0.05)。研究结果显示,奶牛日粮Ca、P表观消化率受需要量和供给量的影响,适当控制日粮Ca、P含量可以提高其利用效率。     

纳米CaCO3增强竹浆纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的动态力学性能

为探索碳酸钙(CaCO_3)无机颗粒界面增强机理,建立竹纤维表面微纳米颗粒的附载与界面增强技术的内在联系,该论文以竹浆纤维(bamboo pulp fiber,BPF)和环氧树脂为主要材料,采用纳米CaCO_3浸渍改性工艺,通过真空辅助树脂浸注技术制备BPF/环氧树脂复合材料,利用动态力学分析仪对其动态热机械性能和界面性能进行研究。结果表明:测试频率为单频(1Hz)时,在–20~120℃,纳米CaCO_3浸渍改性竹浆纤维(BPF treated by impregnation modification,IMBPF)增强环氧树脂复合材料的最大储能模量是BPF/环氧树脂复合材料的1.3倍;测试频率为多频(1,2,5,10和20 Hz)时,频率对BPF/环氧树脂复合材料和IMBPF/环氧树脂复合材料的影响规律相同,储能模量,损耗模量和损耗因子均随频率的增加而增加且逐渐向高温方向移动。BPF/环氧树脂复合材料和IMBPF/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变温度均随频率的增加而升高,而测试频率对损耗因子影响不大;IMBPF/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变表观活化能(369.0kJ/mol)低于BPF/环氧树脂复合材料(495.8 kJ/mol),但IMBPF/环氧树脂复合材料的频率和玻璃化转变温度倒数的相关性(决定系数0.987 6)优于对照样(决定系数0.965 9);在–20℃、40℃和100℃时,IMBPF/环氧树脂复合材料的储能模量对频率的依赖性高于对照样;纳米CaCO_3浸渍改性技术可改善复合材料的界面性能,从而为纳米增强复合材料的研究提供理论依据。     

Soil calcium,nitrogen, and water are correlated with aboveground net primary production in northern hardwood forests

Multiple soil resources could limit aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in temperate forests, but most studies have focused on nitrogen (N) availability. We tested a suite of resources including water, multiple measures of N, phosphate (PO₄), and extractable ions (calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg)) as correlates of ANPP across a glacial landform gradient in northwestern Lower Michigan. Our goals were to identify resource correlates of ANPP that could potentially limit productivity, to characterize productivity partitioning to leaves (ANPP_L) and wood (ANPP_W) across the gradient, and to test soil resource correlates of partitioning. We measured soil resource availability and annual ANPP at 13 sites, and fit models of ANPP_W and ANPP_L as functions of each resource. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to assess empirical support for models with different functional forms. ANPP_W was best correlated with Ca, with a relationship that was asymptotic beyond the four lowest-productivity sites. Both Mg and K covaried with Ca; Mg was also supported as an ANPP_W correlate. Soil water and sum of ammonium (NH₄) and nitrate (NO₃) (ΣN) explained substantial ANPP_W variance, but with weaker support than for Ca. ANPP_L was best correlated with ΣN; NO₃ received support, while Ca received less support but still explained substantial ANPP_L variance. These results suggest a potential role for Ca in regulating ANPP, at least in low-productivity sites, while reaffirming the importance of both N and water availability. Partitioning of annual production to ANPP_W as a fraction of total ANPP was related to Ca and soil water, but only weakly to ΣN. Production was partitioned equally between ANPP_L and ANPP_W at low fertility, but ANPP_W exceeded ANPP_L by 24% at maximum productivity. Given this shift in partitioning, measuring only ANPP_W but assuming that ANPP_L scales proportionately would overestimate ANPP at higher fertility sites. Although correlative, our results suggest that ANPP is constrained by some combination of N, Ca, and water, and provide motivation for experimental manipulations of these resources to better understand forest responses to human influences. If northern temperate forests are strictly N-limited, as suggested by much of the literature, then anthropogenic N deposition should enhance ANPP. In contrast, if ANPP is limited, or co-limited, by Ca or by soil water, then anthropogenic change (altered precipitation, base cation leaching), could counteract production gains from N deposition.     

Cloning and sequencing of the calcium-sensing receptor from the feline parathyroid gland

Messenger RNA of the calcium-sensing receptor from feline parathyroid gland (fCaSR) was reversed transcribed to cDNA, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into E. coli. Sequences obtained from cloned E. coli were used for genetic characterization of the fCaSR mRNA and for exonic PCR primer design. Multiple fCaSR exons sequence alignments obtained from PCR amplification of genomic DNA of 5 healthy domestic shorthair cats indicated the presence of 3 synonymous missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and 1 nonsynonymous missense SNP, which changed an amino acid from arginine to proline. The fCaSR has 96%, 96%, and 94% homology to the canine, human, and bovine amino acid sequences, respectively.     

叶面喷施硫酸钾镁肥对不同部位烟叶镁、钾、钙吸收的影响

[目的]在云南省曲靖市植烟土壤交换性钙镁比超过20的缺镁烟区,通过土壤镁肥施用和叶面喷施进行钙镁比调控,了解其对烤烟钾、钙、镁吸收的影响,为曲靖市缺镁烟区烤烟的平衡施肥技术提供理论依据和生产指导。[方法]通过田间小区试验,采用完全随机区组设计,以不施镁肥作为对照,分别设3个叶面喷施硫酸钾镁肥处理和2个根层施镁+叶面喷施处理。采集根、茎、上部叶、中部叶和下部叶5个部位进行烘干称重,并且粉碎制样,测定钾、钙、镁含量;每个小区从初烤烟叶中选取上部(B2F)、中部(C3F)下部(X2F)样品,分析烟叶全钾、钙、镁含量。[结果]从不同部位来看,叶面喷施及土壤施用和叶面喷施配合调控钙镁比提高了中、下部烟叶对镁、钾的吸收以及下部烟叶对钙的吸收,但降低了上部烟叶对镁、钾、钙的吸收以及中部烟叶对钙的吸收。烟叶不同部位镁、钾、钙的累积分配量比较表现为中部叶下部叶上部叶;从不同部位来看,中、上部烟叶钙镁比、钾镁比降低,下部烟叶钙镁比增加,而下部烟叶钾镁比处理之间没有差异。[结论]叶面喷施及土壤施用和叶面喷施配合调控对烟叶钙镁比、钾镁比的影响,主要是通过影响镁的吸收。