钙离子对两种基因型冬小麦萌发过程中盐胁迫效应的影响

以两种不同基因型冬小麦种子为试验材料,研究了外源Ca(NO3)2和CaC l2对小麦萌发过程中盐害的缓解作用。结果表明,150mmol L-1NaC l胁迫明显抑制小麦种子的萌发。盐胁迫主要影响小麦根和芽的伸长,对根数的影响较小。种子萌发过程中,小偃6号的耐盐性优于陕229。外源钙对两种小麦盐胁迫效应的缓解作用不同。6mmol L-1钙离子可明显减轻陕229的盐害作用,对小偃6号作用不大。盐胁迫对种子萌发过程中的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性具有明显的抑制作用。盐胁迫下,小偃6号种子的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性明显高于陕229。钙离子对盐胁迫下小麦萌发过程胚乳内蛋白酶的活性影响较大,对淀粉酶活性影响较小。     

不同浓度钙营养液对烟草矿质营养吸收与积累的影响

本文采用温室水培的方法,研究了不同的钙素供应水平对烟草各种矿质养分的吸收与积累的影响。结果表明,在其它养分形态与浓度一致条件下,随着钙浓度从75mgL-1提高到900mgL-1,烟草生长量呈抛物线型变化。钙浓度为150mgL-1时烟株干物质量最大。超过150mgL-1,随钙的增加而下降,当钙素达900mgL-1(K/Ca为1/6)时,烟株生长严重受抑。随着供钙水平由低到高,烟株氮、磷、钾、锌、锰含量均呈抛物线型变化,含钙量呈直线上升关系,而镁和铜含量则随钙浓度提高而显著下降。烟株各养分积累量均随营养液钙浓度提高呈抛物线型变化,但不同养分出现最大积累量时的营养液钙浓度却不相同。不同供钙水平上烟叶中各元素含量的变化特征与全株的结果基本一致。在低钙浓度范围(75~300mgL-1),钙对钾有协合关系,增钙促进提钾,大于300mgL-1后有拮抗作用,提钙导致降钾。钙与镁、锌、铜、锰间也存在明显的交互作用。烟叶中各元素含量与积累量的变化趋势与整株基本一致。     

菜心的土壤钙、镁营养诊断指标及施肥效应研究

在不同地方,不同钙、镁含量水平的菜园土壤进行菜心钙、镁肥田间试验。根据20个试验点的钙肥试验和15个试验点的镁肥试验结果,分别建立菜心相对产量与土壤交换性钙、镁含量的回归方程。研究结果表明:菜心产量与土壤交换性钙、镁含量分别呈抛物线相关;在质地为中壤土的菜田上种植菜心,土壤交换性钙的适宜含量为4.26￣9.60cmolL-1,交换性镁的适宜含量为2.01￣2.31cmolL-1;在参试的所有菜田中,施钙肥增产显著的菜田占50%,增产率为0.65￣33.8%;施镁肥增产显著的菜田占47%,增产率为-1.6%￣34.7%。     

Amelioration of a highly degraded tropical alfisol by planting I. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties 1989-91

This paper examines soil amelioration by planting 15 leguminous and graminaceous plant species, including herbaceous annuals, perennials and biennials, and woody perennials and biennials. Disturbed and undisturbed natural regrowth were planted with leguminous species, in some cases with fertilizer applied at planting (400 kg ha⁻¹ of 15:15:15 NPK). The studies were made on two highly degraded sites in southwestern Nigeria which had been subjected to intensive mechanized cropping for a period of 10 years. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties were monitored from 1989 to 1991. Acacia difficilis, Brachiaria lata and Mucuna utilis had the lowest survival rates by the following growing season. Soil fertility and compaction levels differed between sites. Planting had no effect on the latter. The decreases in compaction (i.e. macroporosity) between 0.00 and 0.10 m depth at both sites one month before and five and 17 months after planting were 43, 59 and 61 per cent, respectively were attributed to exclusion of heavy machinery from the sites. Large decreases in fertility occurred at both sites and were attributed to a combination of nutrient extraction and to leaching. Between fallow species, exchangeable Ca, pH and the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) were greater and total acids lower for herbaceous cover compared with woody perennials, and was attributed to a higher Ca demand by the latter. Highest and lowest values of Ca, CEC and pH occurred in plots where plant material was returned to the soil (i.e. by cutting or die-back) and in cropped plots, respectively. Natural regrowth was as effective or better than planted species in improving soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore the use of exotic plant species for ameliorating highly degraded alfisols is unnecessary. Amelioration of highly degraded alfisols may be best effected by allowing natural regrowth to occur while excluding all mechanized traffic from the site.     

Role of IP3R in LH-EGFR-induced mouse oocyte meiotic resumption

AIM: To explore the effect of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisposphate receptor (IP₃R) in luteinizing hormone-epidermal growth factor receptor (LH-EGFR)-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. METHODS: Models of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexs (COCs) culture and follicle culture in vitro were generated to study the effects of 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (2-APB) and heparin (IP₃R specific inhibitors) on LH/EGF-induced oocyte meiotic resumption and EGF-induced cumulus cell expansion. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of cumulus expansion-related factors. The changes of the intracellular calcium level were monitored using Fluo 3-AM, and the cGMP level was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The inhibitors of IP₃R, 2-APB and heparin, dramatically reversed EGF-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05) and decreased cGMP levels in COCs (P<0.05). In addition, 2-APB and heparin reversed EGF-induced cumulus expansion, and significantly inhibited EGF-induced cumulus expansion-related factor expression (P<0.05). The activation of IP₃R increased intracellular calcium level, and the study found that 2-APB and heparin dramatically reversed EGF-induced elevation of calcium level in cumulus cells (P<0.05). Follicular culture in vitro showed that 2-APB and heparin significantly reversed the LH-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LH-EGFR signaling pathway increases calcium level in cumulus cells through IP₃R, resulting in meiotic resumption.     

‘王林’苹果苦痘病的防治试验

近几年来‘王林’苹果苦痘病的发病率较高,为了探索防治办法,2018—2019年在瓦房店市驼山乡大魏村‘王林’苹果园进行施用“聚能螯合钙+硅”+生物有机肥试验。结果表明:第1年好果率达到90.2%,比对照提高15.0%;第2年分别为96.82%、22.23%。病果的病斑数也明显减少。     

水稻叶片的活性氧代谢及衰老调控

介绍了水稻叶片中活性氧的代谢过程及目前延缓叶片衰老的调控手段。     

钙离子浓度对丝瓜花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

采用离体花粉培养技术,对丝瓜花粉萌发过程中钙离子浓度的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,较低浓度Ca2 +(10 - 3～10 - 5mol/L)提高了丝瓜花粉的萌发率和萌发速度,明显促进了花粉管的生长,其中以Ca2 +为10 - 3mol/L时花粉管生长最快;高浓度钙(10 - 2 mol/L)则显著抑制丝瓜花粉萌发和花粉管生长。     

法国番鸭不同孵化阶段蛋壳内钙·磷含量的变化研究

[目的]为了了解法国番鸭胚胎发育期间钙、磷的吸收利用规律。[方法]通过对不同孵化时期法国番鸭蛋壳内钙、磷含量及比例进行测定,研究了不同孵化阶段蛋壳内钙、磷含量的变化。[结果]随着孵化时间的延长,蛋壳内钙、磷含量呈现逐渐降低的规律性。0～20胚龄,蛋壳内钙变化相对较小,20胚龄时钙含量突然降低,并持续至35d出雏;磷含量变化从8胚龄开始,28胚龄达最大,0～8和28～35胚龄蛋壳中吸收磷较少。孵化期间,8～28胚龄钙磷吸收比例呈逐渐上升趋势。[结论]孵化前期,钙的吸收较低,中后期较高,出雏前4d钙吸收最多。磷孵化前期变化不明显,中期较为明显,后期趋于稳定。该研究符合禽类胚胎发育规律。     

饲粮中不同钙、磷比例对肉用仔鸡骨骼的影响

将肉用仔鸡分为１０组，第１～５组饲粮中含钙１％，含有效磷胡应为０．１％，０．３％，０．５％，０．７％，０．９％；第６～１０组含有效磷０．５％，０～２８日龄，含钙量相应为０．４％，０．７％，１％，１．３％，１．６％，３５～４２日龄时，含钙量相应为０．４％，０．７％，１．９％，１．３％，１．６％。结果表明：磷含量最低的第１组增重、胫骨灰分、胫骨总钙与总磷显著低于其余组，而料肉比、腿病发生率及死亡率比其余组高；钙与有效磷比例接近１的组，腿病发生率仅次于严重缺磷组。