海口市郊菜地病虫害及其防治调研与Bt制剂应用

调查海南省海口市郊区菜地病虫害的发生情况及防治现状,并对采用生物农药Bt制剂防治白菜地害虫的效果进行初步研究。结果表明：龙头村蔬菜基地主要害虫为小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾,主要蔬菜病害为白菜根肿病,其它病、虫害不明显。从龙头村白菜地分离到昆虫病原线虫,可以杀死害虫。野外试验结果证明,应用Bt制剂可有效防治白菜地害虫,此结果可为海南省蔬菜病虫害的防治提供一定的参考。     

Dynamics of Bt cotton Cry1Ac protein content under an alternating high temperature regime and effects on nitrogen metabolism

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternating high temperature on Cry1Ac protein content on Bt cotton cultivars Sikang 1(SK-1,a conventional cultivar)and Sikang 3(SK-3,a hybrid cultivar).In 2011 and 2012,cotton plants were subjected to high temperature treatments ranging from 32 to 40℃ in climate chambers to investigate the effects of high temperature on boll shell insecticidal protein expression.The experiments showed that significant decline of the boll shell insecticidal protein was detected at temperatures higher than 38℃ after 24 h.Based on the results,the cotton plants were treated with the threshold temperature of 38℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.followed by a normal temperature of 27℃ during the remaining night hours(DH/NN)in 2012 and 2013.These treatments were conducted at peak boll growth stage for both cultivars in study periods of 0,4,7,and 10 d.Temperature treatment of 32℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.and 27℃ in the remaining hours was set as control.The results showed that,compared with the control,after the DH/NN stress treatment applied for 7 d,the boll shell Cry1Ac protein content level was significantly decreased by 19.1 and 17.5% for SK-1 and by 15.3 and 13.7% for SK-3 in 2012 and 2013,respectively.Further analysis of nitrogen metabolic physiology under DH/NN showed that the soluble protein content and the glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities decreased slightly after 4 d,and then decreased sharply after 7 d.The free amino acid content and the protease content increased sharply after 7 d.The changes in SK-1 were greater than those in SK-3.These results suggest that under DH/NN stress,boll shell Cry1Ac protein content decline was delayed.Reduced protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in the boll shell decreased protein content,including Bt protein,which may reduce resistance to the cotton bollworm.     

转Bt-基因棉棉仁粉对鲤鱼营养价值的研究

为评估转Ｂｔ－基因棉棉仁粉用作鱼饲料的有效性和安全性,将其配成试验饲料进行了１４周鲤鱼喂养,前８周着重就鲤钱垢增重率、特定生长率、铒料系数、鱼体化学成分含量等营养学指标进行了观察。上述各项指标经统计分析,在试验组和对照组之间均无显著性差异。表明转Ｂｔ－基因棉棉仁粉经脱棉酚处理后,与常规棉棉仁粉一样可作鱼用饲料的蛋白源。     

用实时荧光PCR方法定量检测Bt176转基因玉米

以实时荧光PCR技术鉴定商业化种植的转基因玉米Bt176品系。根据转基因玉米Bt176中内源基因Zein和外源基因cry1Ab设计引物及TaqMan荧光探针,成功建立了检测转基因玉米Bt176品系的实时荧光PCR方法。结果表明,应用实时荧光PCR方法检测转基因作物,不仅可以达到品系鉴定的作用,而且可以用于转基因成分的检测。该方法简便迅速,降低了污染机会,为转基因作物及产品的品系检测提供了新方法。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素提取的研究

为探索提取广西产虎纹捕鸟蛛(Selenocosmia huwena)毒素的新方法,选取雌性虎纹捕鸟蛛225只,根据提取方法(直接咬软管法、直接咬瓶法、激怒咬渐法激怒咬瓶冲洗法)分为4组,结果表明,采用直接咬软管法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素2.28 mg,与采用直接咬瓶法所获得的2.19 mg没有显著差异(P>0.05)。采用激怒咬瓶冲洗法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素重量明显高于激怒咬瓶法[(3.41±0.40)mg,(2.99±0.35)mg,P<0.05],亦明显高于直接咬软管法和直接咬瓶法。该试验结果表明,激怒咬瓶冲洗法是一种提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的有效方法。     

蓖麻毒素基本生物学特性分析

[目的]对蓖麻毒素分子量、等电点和氨基酸序列等基本生物学特性进行分析。[方法]以内蒙古通辽地区所产蓖麻哲蓖2号为对象,利用毛细管电泳技术、分子生物学技术、毒性检测等免疫学技术对其毒素基本生物学特性进行检测分析。[结果]试验中所用蓖麻毒素的等电点为6.49,分子量为61.9kD,其氨基酸序列与网上公布序列相比,A链有22个位点发生变异,B链无变异;小鼠口服LD50为5.0mg/kg,腹腔注射LD50为4.6μg/kg,淋巴细胞IC50为3μg/ml。[结论]该研究为深入了解蓖麻毒素生物学性质提供依据,同时为不同产地蓖麻毒素毒性及其他性质的差异比较奠定基础。     

Comparative Studies on Corynebacter1Um Pyogenes Toxin Formation in Monocultures and Mixed Cultures: The Demonstration of a Stimulating Effect of Peptococcus Indolicus and Stuart-Schwan Cocci

The growth and the toxin (i.e. hemolysin) producing capacity of Corynebacterium pyogenes were studied in monocultures and in co-cultures with 1 or more of the organisms frequently accompanying it in summer mastitis in cattle (Peptococcus indolicus, Stuart-Schwan cocci, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. levii, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Streptococcus dysgalactiae) or with organisms seldom associated with summer mastitis (Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, non-toxic staphylococci and Escherichia coli).Pc. indolicus, and to some extent also Stuart-Schwan cocci, stimulated the growth as well as the hemolysin producing capacity of Gb. pyogenes (Table 1) while Str. dysgalactiae, Str. uberis, Str. agalactiae, E. coli and the majority of the staphylococci reduced these activities. Most F. necrophorum strains stimulated the growth, but not the hemolytic activity. With B. melaninogenicus the results were inconclusive.The effect of Pc. indolicus appeared to be associated with the production of a filterable factor (Tables 2 and 3).Mouse toxicity and hemolytic activity of culture filtrates were closely correlated (Table 4).     

取食转Bt基因棉对斜纹夜蛾幼虫存活的影响

以常规棉泗棉3号为对照,测定了取食转Bt基因棉GKl2的不同部位(花、蕾、铃和不同空间部位叶片)10d对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫存活率的影响。结果表明：棉花品种和植株部位对斜纹夜蛾幼虫存活率均产生显著影响,但两者之间没有交互作用。取食Bt棉顶部新叶(倒1叶)、中上部展开叶片(倒3叶和倒6叶)和蕾10d的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,其存活率与对照没有显著差异。取食Bt棉下部成熟叶片(倒14叶)4d后,幼虫存活率方显著低于对照。取食Bt棉花朵的幼虫初期(≤4d)存活率低于对照,但随着对照死亡率的增加,6～10d内两者差异不再显著。取食Bt棉棉铃的幼虫存活率始终低于对照,但两者差异基本不显著。根据GKl2对棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾杀虫效果的比较,初步探讨了斜纹夜蛾为害趋势加重的原因。     

高效广谱Bt菌株的筛选

从感染Ｂｔ的小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾虫尸中,分离得到３７个菌株,经过初筛、复筛,获得９８～１２、９８～２７、９８～２９三菌株,对斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾均具有高毒力,并已通过生产中试。其中由９８～１２攻株生产的Ｂｔ增效制剂抑虫琳田间防效达８０％左右。     

霍乱弧菌封闭带毒素功能片段△G的原核表达及其免疫增强活性

用PCR扩增了MBP—ZOT质粒上的ZOT基因，该基因编码264～399位氨基酸残基C末端的15ku △G片段，并与经改造后的质粒P^BCX、连接。将重组后的质粒PMLAG在大肠杆菌BL21中表达，将表达的目的蛋白纯化，再将p^BCX-△G片段与传染性腔上囊炎病毒VP2包涵体蛋白通过滴鼻免疫途径对14日龄SPF鸡进行联合免疫试验，分别于免疫后第10、20d采集血清样品，进行ELISA试验，检测免疫后IBD抗体效价。动物免疫试验发现：融合蛋白P^BCX △G起到了明显免疫增强效果，与VP2重组蛋白联合免疫2次后，血清IBD的VP2 IgG抗体效价是单独用VP2免疫组的3倍，明显高于空白免疫组。