扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究初探

论述了扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究的依据,利用不同生境条件下生长的野生和栽培品种,采用形态标记、细胞标记、生化标记和分子标记的方法多方面地对扁蓿豆进行遗传多样性的研究。     

恒河猴血液细胞、生化和凝血功能正常参考指标的测定

测定分析人工饲养及在非麻醉(清醒)状态下108只健康成年恒河猴的血常规、血液生化及血小板和凝血功能正常值,并分析各项检测数据的性别差异。血常规测定值17项,其中,雌猴较雄猴极显著高(P<0·01)的项目为红细胞分布宽度(RDW)。血液生化测定值17项,其中,雌猴比雄猴显著低(P<0·05)的项目有丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),显著高(P<0·05)的项目有碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。血小板和凝血功能测定值9项,其中,雌猴比雄猴明显高(P<0·05)的项目为活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),极显著高(P<0.01)的项目为凝血酶时间(TT)。建立了人工饲养条件下健康成年恒河猴的血常规、血液生化、血小板和凝血功能正常参考值指标,丰富和完善了恒河猴动物实验和疾病诊断中血液分析的基础知识。     

Behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference of Bemisia tabaci on cotton

The study on behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference in Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on cotton was conducted, at Entomological Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Punjab, India, during 2001 crop season and repeated in the same season. Multiple-choice test was followed for conducting the experiment. Quinalphos (250, 375, and 500), carbaryl (625, 938, and 1250), acephate (750, 1125, and 1500), endosulfan (438, 656, and 875), and fenvalerate (25, 38, and 50 g ai/ha) were repeatedly sprayed on potted plants of American cotton (var. LH-1556). The impact of these insecticides was evaluated in term of oviposition preference by B. tabaci to treated plants. Also, it investigated changes in biochemical components of treated cotton leaves and the correlation with oviposition preference. The results revealed that, fenvalerate treated plants were more preferred by whitefly for oviposition. Maximum number of eggs was observed on fenvalerate treated plants, 38, 50, and 25 g/ha (39.3, 37.3, and 36.1 eggs/leaf, respectively) followed by acephate 1500 g/ha (26.9 eggs/ leaf) compared with untreated control (14.1 eggs/leaf). Almost similar trend of results was observed in the repeated experiment. The results obtained from biochemical studies revealed that all the insecticidal treatments caused reduction in total sugars compared with untreated control except fenvalerate and low dose of quinalphos. All insecticides caused increase in total free amino acids and brought significant changes in total phenols and pH value of treated plants. These results have confirmed the behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference that induced by fenvalerate and acephate in B. tabaci, which may be one of the causes behind its resurgence on plants repeatedly treated with these insecticides.     

Toxicity and biochemical action of amicarthiazol on citrus canker pathogen, Xanthomonas citri ex Hasse

Inhibitory effects of amicarthiazol, in vitro, against the growth of seven plant bacterial pathogens and its biochemical actions on Xanthomonas citri were investigated. The growth of Erwinia carotovora, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Pseudomonas syringe pv. syringae was not sensitive to amicarthiazol whilst Xanthomonads were all strongly inhibited in NB liquid medium; EC₅₀ of X. citri was 2.63 μg ml⁻¹ and the effectiveness of amicarthiazol depended on the timing of application. The inhibitions on the secretion of gross EPS and gross EPR as well as the activities of amylase, cellulase, and pectase of X. citri were increased with the concentrations of amicarthiazol, whereas the conductivities of the extracellular product suspensions and the protease activity were somewhat accelerated by the concentration less than 10 or 20 μg ml⁻¹ and inhibited only at higher concentration. EPS which was purified from X. citri showed obvious antagonistic effects on the inhibition of amicarthiazol, but not on the inhibition of Cu(OH)₂. The endogenous respirations and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase of X. citri were also inhibited and the inhibitions were increased with the toxic concentrations. Furthermore, the potential induced physiological adaptability of X. citri to amicarthiazol and the comparison with Cu(OH)₂ and carboxin were also discussed.     

金钱豹血液理化值的测定

广州动物园科研中心于2003年10月至2005年3月间共采集11只金钱豹的34份血液样本，对40项临床常用的血液生理生化值进行了测定，结果用SPSS11．0统计软件进行统计分析。     

Evaluation of propolis effects on some biochemical parameters in rats treated with sodium fluoride

The present study in which 42 female rats, each weighing 200−250 g, were used covered a period of 21 days. The animals were divided into six groups. The first group served as the control group, whereas Group 2 was administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 21 days. Group 3 was first provided with normal drinking water for a period of 14 days, and was subsequently administered propolis at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 7 days. Group 4 was first given normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride as a sodium fluoride in drinking water for 7 days. Group 5 was first administered propolis alone at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw in drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association with 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for 7 days. Finally, Group 6 was first provided with normal drinking water for 14 days, and was secondly administered 100 ppm fluoride in association 200 mg/kg/bw propolis for a period of 7 days. At the end of the 21st day, blood samples were collected from the heart of each animal into both heparinised tubes and tubes without anticoagulants. Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, and uric acid levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. When compared to the control group, statistical differences were determined to exist with respect to oxidative stress parameters which involved increase in MDA levels in Groups 4−6, decrease in SOD activity in Groups 4 and 6, increase in CAT activity in Groups 5 and 6, and decrease in GSH-Px activity in Groups 4 and 6. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, significant differences were observed with respect to certain serum biochemical parameters, including decrease in glucose levels in Groups 5 and 6, decrease in triglyceride levels in Groups 2 and 4, decrease in cholesterol levels in Groups 2 and 5, decrease in the total protein level of Groups 4−6, decrease in the ALT activity of Groups 5 and 6, increase in the AST activity of Group 4, decrease in the ALP activity of Groups 2−6 and increase in the uric acid level of Group 2. In the groups that were administered propolis in association with fluoride, improvement was observed in some oxidative stress parameters and certain other biochemical parameters. Changes determined in the oxidative stress parameters (especially MDA and SOD) were indicative of the anti-radical activity of propolis on the free radicals generated by sodium fluoride. However, the values not drawing completely close to those of the control group can be explained with propolis not being able to completely eliminate the free radicals and the other adverse effects generated by fluoride.     

烟草感染青枯菌后的组织病理变化

病症观察表明,烟草感染青枯菌后168h叶片全部萎蔫下垂、褐变。茎部切片表明,青枯菌处理72h,个别导管内出现了染色较深的物质,髓部和皮层的部分薄壁细胞出现破损。120h后导管内染色较深的物质增多,导管堵塞程度加大。168h后局部区域的木质部和韧皮部分离。对感病植株的叶进行青枯病菌分离,结果表明:从叶中可分离出致病青枯菌,并可以导致复感植株得病继而死亡。     

Effects of different land use types on infiltration capacity in a catchment in the highlands of Ethiopia

Infiltration capacity is an important variable for understanding and predicting a range of soil processes. This study investigated for different slope positions the effects of forest conversion to cultivation and grazing on soil infiltration capacity. Infiltration capacity was measured in the field in each land use type using a double‐ring infiltrometer. A total of 108 soil samples (3 slope positions × 3 land use types × 4 soil profiles × 3 soil depths) were collected to determine the variables that affect infiltration capacity viz. particle size distribution, organic carbon content, dry bulk density and soil moisture content. The results showed that in the cultivated and grazed land compared with forest, infiltration capacity and soil moisture content were 70 and 45% smaller respectively, and dry bulk density was 13–20% larger. Changes in soil structure caused by surface soil compaction because of tillage and animal trampling coupled with a smaller soil organic carbon content, are likely to be the principal factors causing the decline in infiltration capacity and soil moisture content after conversion of forest to cultivation and grazing.     

实验性犬细小病毒感染及其病理形态学研究

取2～3月龄大13只(10只肠道驱虫),禁食24h后,分组分别经口鼻、静脉、肌肉接种TCID_(50)/ml为4×10~(5·75)的犬细小病毒(CPV)第四代猫肾细胞培养毒11.5或25.0m1/kg,再禁食48h。结果,各犬均于接种后第4d起陆续典型发病,粪便HA试验阳性,负染见CPV粒子。主要病理学变化是,小肠出血性坏死性炎,心肌灶状出血和颗粒变性;胸腺皮质的胸腺细胞及淋巴结皮质的淋巴细胞死亡、减少;在一些小肠隐窝上皮细胞、淋巴结的淋巴细胞和网状细胞以及胸腺的胸腺细胞和上皮性网状细胞核内见嗜酸性、嗜硷性或两染性包涵体;3只3月龄犬膈肌灶状出血。小肠粘膜扫描电镜观察,粘液增多,绒毛肿胀。其上的横沟变钱或消失。杯状细胞开口扩张,数目增加。电镜观察,在小肠隐窝上皮未分化细胞的核内见直径为27nm的CPV粒子,并对其形态发生作了描述。     

青海河卡牧场硒的季节变化及盈缺分析

试验研究了青海共和盆地河卡牧场夏、冬两季牧草草地系统(水、土壤、牧草、绵羊)中硒的含量变化.结果表明,河卡牧场夏季土壤和牧草严重缺硒,绵羊血浆中硒浓度低于临界水平,夏冬两季绵羊被毛中硒含量低于毛硒含量临界值.