香蕉果实类受体蛋白激酶基因克隆及RNAi载体构建

植物类受体蛋白激酶在植物的生长发育和信号转导中起到重要作用。以香蕉果实cDNA噬菌体文库为材料,通过原位杂交方法获得1个长度为1 689 bp的香蕉果实类受体蛋白激酶基因,编码563个氨基酸序列,包含1个高度保守的蛋白激酶家族结构域。Southern杂交分析结果表明,该基因在香蕉基因组中不止有1个拷贝。构建了该基因的RNAi干扰载体,为该基因功能研究打下基础。     

海洋细菌AiL3菌株防治香蕉枯萎病研究

采用室内盆栽和大田小区试验对海洋细菌AiL3菌株防治香蕉枯萎病作用及对香蕉的促生效果进行测定.结果表明:菌株处理后盆栽试验和大田试验中的香蕉苗叶片数、株高、光合速率和蒸腾速率等均明显高于对照;AiL3菌株盆栽试验处理6个月后对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果达100％,大田小区试验菌株处理8个月后对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果分别为72.71％和46.32％.表明AiL3菌株对香蕉植株有一定的防病促生作用.     

香蕉枯萎病内生生防菌H4-3抑菌蛋白提取及抑菌活性研究

铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa H4-3菌株是福建省农科院农业生物资源研究所微生物研究中心从香蕉植株中分离到的一株内生菌,该菌株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌具有很强的抑菌活性,初步判断其活性物质为大分子蛋白.采用硫酸铵沉淀方法提取H4-3菌株的抑菌蛋白,研究不同硫酸铵浓度对H4-3菌株抑菌活性的影响,结果表明：随着硫酸铵浓度的提高,H4-3菌株抑菌蛋白粗提液的抑菌活性逐步提高,其盐析后的上清液抑菌活性则逐步降低,70％饱和度的硫酸铵处理即可完全沉淀.     

广东省香蕉主产区蕉园土壤养分的吸附特性研究

为了探明广东省香蕉主产区蕉园土壤对各主要营养元素的吸附特点,本论文应用土壤养分状况系统研究法对广东省番禺南沙点、东涌点和灵山点、高州沙田点、博罗长宁点、四会大沙点及中山横档点七个有代表性的蕉园土壤进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)蕉园土壤对磷的吸附能力大小顺序为:博罗长宁>番禺灵山>番禺南沙>四会大沙>中山横档>番禺东涌>高州沙田。(2)蕉园土壤对钾的吸附能力大小顺序为:中山横档>番禺南沙>番禺灵山>番禺东涌>博罗长宁>四会大沙>高州沙田。(3)蕉园土壤对硫的吸附能力大小顺序为:高州沙田>番禺灵山>番禺东涌>中山横档>博罗长宁>番禺南沙>四会大沙。(4)蕉园土壤对硼的吸附能力大小顺序为:博罗长宁>番禺灵山>四会大沙>番禺南沙>中山横档>高州沙田>番禺东涌。(5)番禺南沙和东涌点蕉园土壤对锰的吸附固定能力很强;番禺灵山点蕉园土壤对铜的吸附强于番禺南沙点,但两者都非常弱;番禺南沙和灵山点蕉园土壤对锌的吸附较强,番禺东涌点蕉园土壤则较弱。     

影响根癌农杆菌介导香蕉胚性悬浮细胞遗传转化的因素

用含质粒载体pCAMBIA1301的根癌农杆菌EHA105转化贡蕉(Musa A A Pisang Mas cv. Mas)品种的胚性悬浮细胞,通过测定GUS基因瞬时表达率,对转化初期的主要影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,取处于对数期的胚性悬浮细胞和D600nm为0.2的菌液混合,在室温、8000r/min离心5min,然后在110r/min的旋转摇床上摇5min,在体细胞胚诱导培养基上共培养8d,瞬时表达率达到最高值25.30%。     

Characterization of Gamma Ray Induced Clones in ‘Giant Cavendish’ Banana (AAA) for Morphological and Yield Contributing Traits

Multiple shoot cultures of ‘Giant Cavendish’ banana cultivar were gamma ray irradiated at 10 Gy and field evaluated for their performance. Among the clones obtained, a semi dwarf variant was selected and multiplied through tissue culture. These clones along with control were established at the Experimental Farm, Kaiga, Karnataka during 2013. Morphological and yield contributing traits showed a wide range of values as compared to the control. Two clones, TBM-2 and TBM-6, were dwarf as against control and late flowering but attained maturity much before the control plants. TBM-8 variant showed substantial increase in the fruit area as against the control. Plant height exhibited negative correlation with number of suckers and fruit circumference while bunch weight showed negative correlation with days to flowering and number of fingers. Cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distances formed three distinct groups. The clones identified in this study have shown the potential of gamma rays in bringing genetic changes in agronomically important traits of banana.     

过热蒸汽膨化干燥香蕉脆片品质研究

以香蕉为原料,研究添加柠檬酸护色抑制香蕉片酶促褐变,以及热风干燥对护色香蕉片营养损失及褐变的影响。采用均匀试验设计法研究膨化条件对香蕉脆片剪切强度的影响,并优化工艺条件。结果表明,采用0.3%柠檬酸溶液护色20min,可有效抑制香蕉片酶促褐变;干燥过程中香蕉片营养成分的损失及色泽的劣化主要发生在降速干燥阶段。以70℃热风预干燥至干基含水率0.3630,采用156℃过热蒸汽膨化并滞留60s后,再以70℃热风干燥而成的香蕉脆片营养损失小、褐变轻、脆性好。     

香蕉和土壤中吡唑醚菌酯的残留分析

建立吡唑醚菌酯在香蕉全蕉、蕉肉及土壤中的残留分析方法,测定吡唑醚菌酯在云南、海南两地香蕉及土壤中的残留动态及最终残留。结果表明：在0.01~0.1 mg/kg添加范围内,吡唑醚菌酯在香蕉果、肉、土中的平均回收率为82％~104％,变异系数为1.3％~3.6％;方法最小检出量为1×10-10 g,最低检出浓度为0.01 mg/kg。吡唑醚菌酯在云南和海南两地香蕉中的半衰期分别为17.2、16.7 d,在土壤中的半衰期分别为19.9、17.9 d。施药后35、42、49 d收获的香蕉中吡唑醚菌酯残留量均低于0.02 mg/kg。该方法准确度高,灵敏度高,线性良好。     

A novel technique using 1-MCP microbubbles for delaying postharvest ripening of banana fruit

This study aimed to investigate the application of microbubble technology for delaying banana ripening. A preparation of 1-MCP designed for use as a form of aqueous micro bubble (MBs) solutions was formulated. Banana fruit were immersed in 500 nL L⁻¹ of aqueous 1-MCP microbubbles (1-MCP-MBs) or fumigated with 500 nL L⁻¹ 1-MCP, then stored at 25 °C for 8 days. 1-MCP-MBs were more effective in delaying postharvest ripening than conventional 1-MCP fumigation. 1-MCP-MBs reduced the respiration rate and ethylene production compared to the control and 1-MCP fumigated fruit. Moreover, 1-MCP-MBs delayed yellowing and maintained firmness of banana fruit during storage. These results indicate that 1-MCP-MBs can be used as an alternative method for delaying the postharvest ripening of banana fruit, and its application for other commodities needs to be further elucidated.     

钾钙镁营养对香蕉产量、品质及贮藏性的影响

香蕉是嗜K作物,养分需求最大的4种元素为KNCaMg,而K、Ca、Mg三者间存在交互作用。本文研究了不同K、Ca、Mg营养条件下香蕉产量、品质及其贮藏性的变化,结果表明:适量配施K、Ca、Mg肥能有效促进香蕉果实的生长发育,提高香蕉果实品质及产量;有效降低香蕉果皮多酚氧化酶活性、果皮丙二醛含量和果肉淀粉酶活性,减少贮藏过程中的重量损失,延缓香蕉果实的衰老进程,提高香蕉果实的耐贮藏性。在广东省高州市香蕉产区,为实现香蕉高产优质耐贮藏,适宜施肥量为K2O990kg·hm-2,Mg37.5kg·hm-2,Ca90.0kg·hm-2。