陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵豆粕的研究

本试验旨在研究陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵生料豆粕。以酸溶性蛋白含量为主要检测指标,研究陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌不同培养条件对豆粕固态发酵的影响。结果表明:1)陈香茶菌适宜培养条件为,称取0.5 g陈香茶粉接入装有100 m L马铃薯葡萄糖培养基三角瓶中,28℃静置培养24 h。2)豆粕固态发酵最佳工艺为,10%枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液+10%陈香茶菌培养液+10%糖蜜+10%水+55%豆粕,在37℃密闭条件下培养3~6 d。通过陈香茶菌及枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵,能显著改善生料豆粕营养价值,有一定的应用价值。     

应用超声波破碎苏云金芽孢杆菌试验

用超声波对一定浓度的苏云金芽孢杆菌的营养细胞和芽孢进行破碎试验,结果表明:在试验条件下,超声波破碎达到95%以上的破碎率所需时间为30~50min,尤其是菌液浓度为每毫升50亿,用Φ10变幅杆破碎,40min破碎率可达99.9%。而细菌的芽孢,无论是采用幅杆Φ6或Φ10,其破碎效果不明显。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对热应激公兔甲状腺和甲状旁腺组织的影响

将成年塞北兔公兔随机分成3组:常温组、热应激组(基础日粮)和地衣芽孢杆菌组(基础日粮+1 000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌),常温组温度为20?25℃,其他2个组人工模拟夏季温度.在试验期间测定血浆皮质醇含量.试验结束后测定甲状腺质量,计算甲状腺指数;观察光镜下甲状腺组织、透射电镜下甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞和甲状旁腺嗜酸性细胞...     

枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响。将45只体重相近[(35±1)g]的普通ICR小鼠随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)、高脂组(高脂饲粮)、试验组[添加质量分数为0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌B1的高脂饲粮],每组3个重复,每个重复5只,饲养30 d。观察枯草芽孢杆菌B1对高脂饲粮小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化能力、氧化应激状态的影响。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高脂组小鼠的肠黏膜总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著减少了28.34%(P<0.01),肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶活性分别显著降低了22.91%(P<0.05)、37.35%(P<0.01)、47.47%(P<0.01)和36.42%(P<0.05);血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、GSH-Px和抗超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)活性分别显著下降了30.73%(P<0.01)、47.26%(P<0.01)和8.02%(P<0.01);肝脏8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OhdG)含量显著增加了67.87%(P<0.01)。2)与高脂组相比,试验组小鼠的肠黏膜T-AOC显著增加了32.44%(P<0.05),肝脏GSH含量和CAT活性分别显著上升了38.27%(P<0.05)和53.01%(P<0.05);血清T-AOC、GSH含量、GSH-Px和抗O2-.活性分别显著提高了10.72%(P<0.05)、38.01%(P<0.05)、51.98%(P<0.01)和13.45%(P<0.01);肝脏丙二醛、8-OHdG含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶活性分别显著下降了16.01%(P<0.05)、37.52%(P<0.01)和16.25%(P<0.05)。由此可见,高脂饲粮降低了小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化功能;添加枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠的抗氧化功能具有一定的增强作用,并能减少机体的氧化应激状态,较好地保护组织细胞,免受氧化损伤。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

Isolation and Identification of Cellulase-producing Bacillus in Yak Rumen

To investigate the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen,10 samples of rumen content were aseptically collected from 10 adult Maiwa yaks to isolate the heat-resistant Bacillus by water bath at 80 ℃ for 20 min.The cellulase-producing strains were screened using the CMC-Na medium and Congo red staining.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of those cellulose-producing strains were amplified and sequenced.The results showed that 64 strains were isolated from the 10 samples.Total 23 strains were identified as cellulase-producing bacillus,including 16 strains of Bacillus cereus,7 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that the 16 Bacillus cereus strains were clustered into two branches:One isolate was clustered into a branch alone,the other 15 isolates were clustered into a branch which clustered into 5 small branches,showing that there was certain genetic diversity in the isolates of Bacillus cereus.And all 7 Bacillus thuringiensis strains were clustered into a branch.Hence,the results layed the foundation of investigating the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen and developing probiotics special for yak.     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

1株降解黄曲霉毒素B1的解淀粉芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及其体外脱毒效果

旨在筛选出能够高效降解黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)的菌株,并对其脱毒活性组分的脱毒效果进行研究,本研究以香豆素为唯一碳源对目标细菌进行初筛,以对AFB1的降解率为指标进行复筛,并从形态学、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定;通过测定该菌株不同发酵组分对AFB1的降解率,来定位其脱毒活性组分,同时采...     

地衣芽孢杆菌CP-16脂类水解酶的研究

本试验旨在通过异源表达获得地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)CP-16的脂类水解酶,并探究其在羽毛降解过程中的作用。试验以地衣芽孢杆菌CP-16基因组DNA为模板,扩增脂类水解酶基因,转化入大肠杆菌中表达,获得重组酶L-4。研究重组酶L-4的适宜p H、p H稳定性、适宜温度、温度稳定性以及有机溶剂和金属离子对其相对活性的影响,同时探究其对角蛋白酶K水解天然羽毛角蛋白的作用。结果显示,获得的脂类水解酶基因大小为747 bp,编码248个氨基酸,在大肠杆菌中成功表达出重组酶L-4,其分子质量约为28.3 ku,酯酶活性为0.42 U/m L,适宜p H为6.5,适宜温度为50℃;在p H 6.5~9.5条件下处理30 min相对活性保持80%以上,在低于50℃温度条件下处理30 min相对活性保持70%以上。二价铁离子(Fe~(2+))、钠离子(Na~+)、锰离子(Mn~(2+))、钙离子(Ca~(2+))对重组酶L-4相对活性具有激发作用,钡离子(Ba~(2+))、锌离子(Zn~(2+))、铜离子(Cu~(2+))、镍离子(Ni~(2+))对重组酶L-4相对活性具有抑制作用。当有机溶剂浓度为30%时,重组酶L-4在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和甲醇中保存97%和85%的相对活性,在丙酮、乙醇中保存45%以上的相对活性,在异丙醇中保存不到20%的相对活性,而在乙腈中相对活性基本完全丧失。用重组酶L-4预处理天然羽毛底物,可提高角蛋白酶K对底物的水解效率,促进率为4.32%。由此可见,脂类水解酶可降解羽毛表层脂质,可在促进角蛋白酶水解羽毛角蛋白中发挥作用。     

一株芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及相关特性的初步研究

为了获得适应当地环境的益生菌株,从当地土壤中分离得到一株芽孢杆菌,经鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌.经安全性试验及抗逆性试验,研究了其在不同pH值、不同温度下的生长情况,并进行了药敏试验.结果表明,该菌无毒性,具有抗逆性,最适pH值为6～8,最适宜温度为37℃,可作为益生菌进行微生态制剂方面的进一步研究.