高产优质长粒型粳稻新品种垦育25的选育及栽培技术

垦育25是河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所育成的长粒型粳稻新品种,具有丰产性好、米质优、抗病能力强等优点。河北省区域试验平均产量694.5 kg/667 m²,较对照增产11.4%,米质达到国家优质3级米标准,田间表现抗倒性和抗病性强,适宜机械化栽培。2020年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,并被秦皇岛市列为主推水稻品种。     

日本鳗鲡胶原蛋白和小清蛋白的过敏原性

以日本鳗鲡皮与肌肉组织为研究对象,采用碱溶、酸溶、盐析、冻干等方法纯化得到胶原蛋白,采用加热、饱和硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析等方法纯化得到两种亚型的小清蛋白(PV-Ⅰ和PV-Ⅱ),纯化的目标蛋白经动物特异性抗体的免疫印迹实验确证。酶联免疫吸附测定和免疫印迹分析结果显示,纯化的胶原蛋白和小清蛋白分别与鱼类过敏患者阳性血清发生特异性反应,且二者之间无免疫交叉反应。体外模拟胃液消化实验和SDS-PAGE分析结果显示,胶原蛋白和小清蛋白均具有较高的消化稳定性。结果提示,日本鳗胶原蛋白和小清蛋白具有较高的消化稳定性和免疫原性,二者可引发不同患者的IgE介导特异性超敏反应。     

温度对中国对虾能量分配和元素组成的影响

于１９９５年８月～１０月,在２０℃、２５℃和３０℃下,以日本刺沙蚕为饵料,测定中国对虾的能量分配和元素组成（ＣＮＨ）。结果表明,水温３０℃时呼吸能显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０５）,占摄食能的７７．８％。三个温度下平均能量分配比例为：排泄能２．２７％,粪便能３．４６％,蜕壳能４．１９％,生长能２２．２７％,呼吸能６７．７３％。呼吸能的变化对生长能影响显著。元素组成以２０℃含量最高,虾体能值也最大。Ｃ／Ｎ值变化表明,随温度升高,脂肪作为中国对虾能量代谢的能源物质比例增大。     

桑沟湾养殖海带(Sacharina japonica)碎屑降解速率及影响因素

通过实验室可控条件,以桑沟湾(Sanggou Bay)养殖海带(Sacharina japonica)为研究对象,探讨养殖海带碎屑降解过程中营养盐释放速率及对底质、溶解氧的影响.实验设置2个底质条件(加底泥,无底泥)、2个溶氧条件(好氧,厌氧),各处理组设3个平行,实验持续27 d.结果显示,(1)加入底泥,可以促进海带碎屑的降解.实验结束时,加入底泥组无机氮(DIN)、总氮(TN)、活性磷酸盐(DIP)、总磷(TP)的平均释放速率分别为1.234、1.802、0.028、0.033 μmo1/(g.d),显著高于未加底泥组的0.039、1.476、0.005、0.010 μmo1/(g·d).而未加底泥组的可溶性有机氮(DON)释放速率为1.437 μmo1/(g·d),显著高于底泥组的0.568 μmo1/(g.d).(2)厌氧条件有利于海带碎屑中P的降解释放,释放的TP中以可溶性有机磷(DOP)为主.TP、DIP、DOP的降解速率显著高于非厌氧条件.但是,厌氧条件下无机氮释放速率为0.097 μmo1/(g·d),仅为好氧条件下无机氮的8％,而总氮为好氧条件下的71％.(3)底泥的加入显著提高了水体的N:P,达到207.83±301.37,厌氧状态使水体N:P降低到9.38±6.55,都较大的偏离对照组的16.82±1.26,远远偏离经典Redfield值(16∶1).整个实验说明养殖海带降解过程受底质、溶氧条件影响,同时,大量海带碎屑腐烂降解,将会对养殖系统的营养盐浓度及结构产生影响.     

山姜对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌活性试验研究

为研究中草药山姜粗提液对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌效果,特采用试管二倍稀释法和管碟法检测不同浓度的山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液在体外对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38菌株和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌直径,并以肠毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、4μg/mL硫酸庆大霉素作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果表明,山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对两株益生芽孢杆菌和ETEC无抑菌作用,硫酸庆大霉素对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株MIC均为1.25μg/mL,对ETEC的最低抑菌浓度MIC为0.625μg/mL。山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对受试菌株抑菌直径与生理盐水相比差异不显著(P>0.05),硫酸庆大霉素与其相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。山姜粗提液对两株益生芽孢杆菌无明显抑菌作用。     

Alternating dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy caught by coastal fishery in relation to the Kuroshio meander in the Enshu-nada Sea

In the mid 1970s, the fishery catch of postlarval Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonica) in a shelf region of the Enshu‐nada Sea, off the central Pacific coast of Japan, started to decline corresponding to a rapid increase of postlarval sardine (Sardinops melanostictus). In late 1980s, sardine started to decline, and it was replaced by anchovy in the 1990s. This alternating dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy corresponded to the alternation in egg abundance of these two species in the spawning habitat of this sea. It was also noteworthy that during the period of sardine decline, sardine spawning occurred in April–May, a delay of two months compared with spawning in the late 1970s. The implication of oceanographic changes in the spawning habitat for the alternating dominance of sardine and anchovy eggs was explored using time‐series data obtained in 1975–1998, focusing on the effect of the Kuroshio meander. Large meanders of the Kuroshio may have enhanced the onshore intrusion of the warm water into the shelf region and contributed to an increase in temperature in the spawning habitat. This might favour sardine, because its egg abundance in the shelf region was more dependent on the temperature in early spring than was that of anchovy. In addition, enhanced onshore intrusion could contribute to transport of sardine larvae from upstream spawning grounds of the Kuroshio region. On the other hand, anchovy egg abundance was more closely related to lower transparency at the shelf edge, which may indicate the prevalence and prolonged residence of the coastal water, and therefore higher food availability, frequently accompanying non‐meandering Kuroshio. The expansion/shrinkage of the spawning habitat of sardine and anchovy in the shelf region, apparently responding to the change in the Kuroshio, possibly makes the alternation in dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy most prominent in the Enshu‐nada Sea, in combination with changes in the abundance of spawning adults, which occurred almost simultaneously in the overall Kuroshio region. The implication of this rather regional feature for the alternating dominance of sardine and anchovy populations on a larger spatial scale is also discussed.     

日本蟳精子超低温冷冻保存技术的研究

以精子存活率作为评价指标,采用两步降温法研究了稀释剂、抗冻保护剂和预冷时间对日本蟳精子超低温冷冻保存效果的影响。结果表明:以采用稀释剂II、15%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作为抗冻保护剂的保存效果最佳。在液氮中保存24 h后,精子存活率可达83.76%,保存一年后可达73.81%。精液的第一次预冷时间以25 min为宜。     

Epidermal proteases of the Japanese eel

A fluorescent-sensitive assay was used to demonstrate the protease activity in the dorsal skin of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Two distinct extracts were separately prepared from skin mucus and epidermal cell layers, with no mutual contamination. The epidermal extract was sensitive to various substrates, whereas there was no, or only marginal, susceptibility to the same substrates for the mucous extract. Optimum hydrolysis pHs of the epidermal extract was variable and below pH 7.0, and the optimum hydrolysis temperatures were between 40 and 50 °C. In addition, Tos-Phe-Ch₂Cl, chymostatin, CdCl₂, CuCl₂, HgCl₂ and ZnCl₂ inhibited protease activities to different extents. Several other reagents specifically affected the protease activities, and their induced effects were useful for the identification of epidermal proteases. The findings indicate that a proteolytic factor, exhibiting various enzymological specificities, is retained within epidermal cell layers of Japanese eel. This factor is composed of 4 distinct proteases, such as cathepsins L and B-like proteases, a serine protease and an aminopeptidase.     

超低温冷冻对日本鳗鲡精子酶活性的影响

研究超低温冷冻保存(-196℃)对日本鳗鲡精子内总ATP酶、肌酸激酶(CK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等酶活性的影响。运用试剂盒分别测定了冷冻前后日本鳗鲡精子内酶活性的变化。结果表明,经过超低温冷冻保存后,日本鳗鲡精子的活力下降,精子内GR活性显著升高(P<0.05),酶活性从冻前的358.52±45.65 U/L上升到646.30±70.30 U/L;其它几种酶的活性均显著下降(P<0.05),总ATP酶、CK和SDH的活性分别从冻前的3.14±0.61 U/ml、17.10±3.51 U/ml和32±5.94 U/ml下降到1.83±0.43 U/ml、7.33±1.74 U/ml和21±1.41 U/ml,LDH、SOD和CAT活性分别从冻前的2 266.67±313.25 U/L、220.47±32.94 U/ml和48.51±5.94U/ml下降到1 195.91±198.51 U/L、84.16±22.11 U/ml和21.8±4.14 U/ml。超低温冷冻对日本鳗鲡精子酶活性和精子活力均有较大影响。     

中国海区不同养殖品系海带与长海带之间的遗传关系

对中国海区海带(Laminaria japonica)不同栽培品系(种)及长海带(L.longissirna)的配子体无性繁殖系进行12个酶系统的同工酶检测,获得了31个基因位点,酶谱分析结果说明,来自同一株海带的雌、雄配子体无性繁殖系具有较高的遗传相似性,但“860”品系可能因杂合度大,导致该品系雌、雄配子体无性繁殖之间的遗传距离较远。对它们相应的亲本孢子体进行RAPD分析,30个随机引物共得到185个扩增位点,其中多态性位点76个,占41％。利用UPGMA对同工酶及RAPD所得到的遗传距离进行聚类分析,表明中国海区养殖海带的不同品系或品种之间的遗传相似性较大,而“烟杂1号”与长海带之间具有较近的亲缘关系。基于同工酶和RAPD图谱的结果推测,“烟杂1号”是一个新的杂交种,其母本可能是“荣杂1号”,而父本可能是长海带。