一个马铃薯Y病毒山东分离物的分离与鉴定

 从具有典型花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)(本文称PVY-SD-TA分离物),扩繁后,提纯病毒,电镜下可观察到700~900 nm×11 nm的病毒粒体,病组织超薄切片观察可见风轮状的内含体结构,寄主反应特性研究表明其能侵染2科13种植物。SDS-PAGE电泳检测病毒编码的外壳蛋白亚基的分子量为33 kDa。以PVY-SD-TA基因组RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法和特异引物合成了外壳蛋白基因。对cDNA全序列分析表明,PVY-SD-TA CP基因核苷酸序列与N株系的同源性为96%,与GenBank中登录序列号为AJ390306的O株系分离物的同源性最高,为99%;与国内不同学者报道的PVY中国流行株的同源性分别为96%,97%和98%。通过以上生物学特性和分子水平的研究将PVY-SD-TA鉴定为普通株系(PVY^O株系)。     

利用RT-PCR检测库尔勒香梨苹果茎痘病毒的研究

 以库尔勒香梨新鲜、冷藏、冷冻叶片和皮层为材料,对提取双链RNA (dsRNA)的2种方法和提取总RNA的3种方法进行了分析比较,并对总RNA的提取方法进行了改进,获得了纯度较高、完整性较好的dsRNA和总RNA,在此基础上进行了反转录(RT)和PCR扩增。在国内首次完成了对苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)的RT-PCR检测,建立了ASPV有效RT-PCR反应体系。用此体系扩增到ASPV一个长约316 bp的片段。实验表明以dsRNA和总RNA为模板均能成功进行RT-PCR检测,且dsRNA优于总RNA。     

苹果中多酚物质及其在果实发育过程中的变化

以秦冠、富士、嘎拉、华冠、华帅、金冠、国光、首红、澳洲青苹等9个品种为试材,对苹果果实发育过程中总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇、原花色素含量进行了分析。结果表明,苹果果肉中多酚物质的含量和组成在不同品种间存在着较大差异;总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇和原花色素含量在苹果发育初期迅速下降,其后下降速度逐渐减缓,最后则趋于稳定或稍有下降;在果实发育初期,绿原酸为果肉中主要的多酚物质,而黄烷醇和原花色素仅占很小的比例,但在果实发育过程中绿原酸所占比例逐渐降低,而黄烷醇和原花色素所占比例逐渐上升,成熟时已远远超过绿原酸占总酚含量的比例,成为果实中最主要的一类多酚物质。     

粉红女士苹果品质特性分析评价

观察测定了粉红女士苹果成熟采收时和常温贮藏后果实的外观、抗性、果实硬度、总酸、可溶性固形物、维生素C、蒸腾失水率、出汁率、果汁密度以及果汁性状;全面分析评价了该品种的外在、内在、贮藏品质和果汁加工特性。结果表明,粉红女士苹果是一个综合性状优良、耐贮藏的鲜食、果汁加工兼用型苹果新品种。     

对锰害敏感性不同的两个苹果品种枝条中锰的积累与分布

 以对苹果粗皮病抗性不同的两个苹果品种富士(感病) 和乔纳金(抗病) 为材料,通过田间采样、室内盆栽模拟,结合组织化学、显微鉴定和X- 射线微区分析,研究了枝条内锰的累积、分布与粗皮病抗性的关系。结果表明,锰在韧皮部的含量高于木质部,感病品种含量高于抗病品种;粗皮病病斑部位存在氧化锰沉淀,韧皮部锰的局部累积和分布与病斑的分布相一致;锰在感病品种的枝条横截面上存在局部累积现象,而在抗病品种上分布较均匀。     

苹果果实日灼人工诱导技术及阈值温度研究

 使用自制的日灼诱导设备，在无风或微风的晴天对活体果实进行田间日灼诱导，通过改变诱导室内的气温来控制和调节果面温度，从而确定了不同苹果品种果实发生日灼的阈值温度。试验证明： 自制的诱导设备运行平稳，诱导期间可保持果温基本稳定，大多数情况下，处理期间果面平均温度与实际设定温度的差异小于0．12℃ ，温度变化幅度一般小于±0．5℃ 。本试验所测定的9个苹果品种日灼阈值温度为(45．9±0．5)℃ (48．5±0．5)℃。光照对日灼发生有重要影响，即使在同样的阈值温度下，有光的处理果实发生日灼，而无光的处理则不发生日灼。     

茎瘤芥新品种涪杂1号的选育

涪杂1号茎瘤芥母本是胞质雄性不育系96118-3A,父本是优良的茎瘤芥自交系920154。该一代杂种从出苗至现蕾150～155 d(天),属中熟类型。瘤茎近圆球形,加工性能好,品质优,适于四川盆地茎瘤芥产区种植,一般每667 m2产量2 500—3 000 kg,最高可达4 000 kg。     

Non-structural plum pox potyvirus proteins detected by immunogold labelling

Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) induces in infected Nicotiana clevelandii cells characteristic crystalline inclusions known as nuclear inclusions (NI) when located in the nucleus and as dense material (Dm) when located in the cytoplasm. Crystalline inclusions contain protease (NIa) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb) proteins. It is now well established for all potyviruses that cylindrical inclusions contain CI helicase ATPase protein (Martin et al., 1992). The intracellular location of other non-structural PPV proteins remains unknown. Using Escherichia coli expression vectors, specific antibodies were obtained against P1, P3, 6K2 and NIb PPV proteins for which antibodies were not yet available. As expected, NIb antiserum labelled crystalline inclusions. P1, P3 and 6K2 proteins were present in both types of crystalline inclusions found in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of PPV-infected leaves of N. clevelandii, suggesting that nuclear inclusions and dense material were composed of the same proteins. This composition is discussed.     

Phylogenetic relationships between rice dwarf phytoreovirus isolates from five countries

Rice dwarf virus isolates were collected from several locations in Japan, the Philippines, China, Nepal and Korea. Genomic dsRNA segment profiles in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis differed among the isolates. There were less differences in the profiles between isolates from Japan and Korea than in those between these two Countries and others. Nucleic acid hybridization was used to examine the extent of genomic variation. Full-length cDNAs to all genomic segments encoding non-structural proteins (S4, S6, S9, S10, S11 and S12) were synthesized from two Japanese isolates, and were used for dot-blot hybridization. Hybridizations using probes generated from the full-length cDNA clones failed to differentiate isolates from different geographical areas. However, cDNA probes covering a variable region of S12 were able to distinguish Japanese and Korean isolates from those of other countries. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the amino acid sequence of P12 encoded by S12 grouped Japanese and Korean isolates together. The Chinese isolates from two different locations (Yunnan and Fujian) were closely related to each other, and were the most distantly related to Japanese and Korean isolates.     

Biological and molecular characterization of Tomato spotted wilt Virus in Israel

Received April 24, 1997; received in final form June 29, 1997. Symptoms resembling tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infections were documented among ornamental and vegetable crops in commercial greenhouses and open fields in Israel. Plants exhibiting these symptoms were collected from January 1992 to December 1996. Among cultivated plants analyzed for TSWV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 19 species representing five families were found to be infected; natural infection was also recorded in six plant species of weeds. Virus identity was characterized by host range, serology and electron microscopy. Serological reaction with the isolates, found in Israel, using antisera from different sources as well as the sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid gene, demonstrated that the Israeli isolates of TSWV are a member of tospovirus serogroup I, type I (BR-01 strain). No virus transmission was found in seeds collected from virus-infected vegetable and ornamental crops. A non-radioactive molecular probe derived from the cloned nucleocapsid isolate enables specific detection of the virus in crude sap from infected plants. The detection of TSWV in Israel constitutes a severe potential threat to the ornamental and vegetable industry.