安祖花离体培养快速繁殖技术的优化

以安祖花的叶片、叶柄、带腋芽茎段为外植体进行组织培养,对其快速繁殖进行了研究.结果表明:以叶片和叶柄为外植体,用培养基改良MS BA0.2(或0.5、1.0)mg/L 2.4-D0.1 mg/L 葡萄糖30 g/L诱导的愈伤组织质量高,诱导率达100%;分化培养基以改良MS BA2.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L较好;腋芽增殖使用改良MS BA1 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L,增殖倍数达6.7;椰子汁对继代增殖有较好的促进作用,在分化及继代过程中即有3～4条根的形成,可以直接移栽,成活率达95%以上.     

红掌细菌性叶疫病田间防治试验

经一年的田间试验,在西双版纳网棚无土栽培条件下,采用在网棚下增置防雨塑料棚和多种农药组合的6种处理,对幼苗期和产花期细菌性叶疫病表现出有不同程度的防效,但防效较低(10.6%-61.1%), 不能有效抑制病害累计死亡率的快速增长和全部死亡;经研究提出了在现有的栽培条件下,实施“无菌”栽培策略,调整栽培技术思路的建议。     

红掌不同品种产生愈伤组织的差异

对10个红掌品种2种外植体、4种愈伤组织诱导培养基的组培试验结果:H3、H4、H10、H6、H1等5个品种愈伤组织的平均直径(叶片外植体依次为5.0～3.8mm,叶柄外植体依次为6.6～4.9mm)明显大于H5、H2、H9、H8、H7等5个品种(叶片外植体均为1.0mm,叶柄外植体依次为1.2～2.0mm);叶柄外植体愈伤组织平均直径明显大于叶片外植体;参试培养基B、D产生愈伤组织的直径大于培养基A、C;愈伤组织大的5个品种经增殖、继代培养成完整植株,而愈伤组织小的5个品种愈伤组织在增殖培养中逐渐褐变,全部死亡。     

影响红掌愈伤组织诱导、增殖和芽分化的因素

以Pink champion等盆栽植株和试管苗为材料，研究了影响红掌愈伤组织诱导、增殖和芽分化的因素。结果表明，不同品种的愈伤组织诱导率和外植体褐变率均存在显著差异，诱导率和褐变率之间呈显著的负相关关系。外植体、外源激素和培养基对愈伤组织的诱导有显著影响，不同品种和外植体的适宜诱导培养基不同。光照对愈伤组织的诱导有显著的抑制作用；高浓度生长素、低浓度细胞分裂素，促进愈伤组织的增殖，高浓度细胞分裂素及低浓度生长素促进愈伤组织芽分化；固体培养比液体培养更有利于愈伤组织的增殖和芽分化。     

红掌愈伤组织增殖分化条件的优化

以红掌愈伤组织为材料,研究影响红掌愈伤组织增殖和分化以及芽增殖的因素。结果表明:以MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+KT 0.3 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂8 g/L为红掌愈伤组织增殖和分化的最佳培养基,培养到8周绝对生长速度达到910.31%、分化率达到100%,到150 d时分化指数达到24.17;在芽增殖培养试验中,以1/2 MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂8 g/L为适宜培养基。在培养方式上,液体培养优于固体培养。     

Salicylic acid alleviates chilling injury in anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L.) flowers

We tested if salicylic acid (SA) can alleviate chilling injury in anthurium flowers (Anthurium andraeanum). Cut flowers of five cultivars, individually placed in water, were held at 4 °C and 12 °C. Symptoms of chilling injury (CI) were found in the flowers stored at 4 °C. These symptoms included desiccation of the spadix (the compound floral stalk) and a colour change of the spathe (the large floral bract) to pink and then to brown. The time to the CI symptoms depended on the cultivar. CI symptoms were accompanied by an increase in electrolyte leakage, by loss of fresh weight, and by an increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. SA at 2.0 mM in water was applied as a 15 min dip. It delayed the CI symptoms, as well as the loss of fresh weight, the increase in electrolyte leakage, and the increase CAT and SOD activity. The data suggest that CI in this system is related to an increase in the concentrations of active oxygen species.     

海南地区切花红掌‘Tropical’试管苗的移栽育苗技术

阐述在海南岛特有的气候环境条件下,由红掌‘Tropical’试管苗移栽育苗的技术,包括试管苗的移栽育苗质量要求、育苗需要的基本设施条件、育苗的环境条件、移栽育苗的步骤以及育苗管理措施等内容,为海南地区红掌‘Tropical’的育苗提供较全面的指导。     

不同营养液配方对花鱼共养效应的研究

以红掌和春芋2种室内观赏植物以及锦鲤为材料,进行了不同营养液配方对花鱼共养效应的研究,观测供试植株和鱼的生长变化及营养液EC值变化动态。结果表明:1/2倍日本园试营养液浓度最适合红掌生长;霍格兰全营养液配方更有利于春芋的生长,而鱼在低浓度的营养液中更易存活,其生活力随营养液浓度降低而提高。     

Biological Features of Flowering and Development of Male Gametophyte in Anthurium andreanum

The aim of this study is to follow each development stage of inflorescence in order to understand the biological feature of flowering and the development of male gametophyte in Anthurium andreanum “Arizona" and to try to find the optimum conditions for its pollination. The methods of dissection and paraffin section were adopted to examine the structural characteristics of anthurium’s tiny floret and the development of the microspore. All the florets of the anthurium arrange on the rhachis helically sub- tended by a colorful bract. Each tiny floret has one gynoecium, four tepals and four stamina. The bract and the florets show different colors during the whole blooming period. The ovary is bicarpellary and has two locules, each of which has one anatropous ovule. The placenta is of a central placentation type. The stylar canal cells not only can produce the secretory mucilage but also can release their own cytoplasm caused by their self-disintegration before the pistil reaches its maturity. The wall of the anther is composed of four layers: epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The tapetal cells and the middle layers’ cells degenerated completely dur- ing meiosis of microsporocytes. The pollen grains were 2-celled at the time of anther dehiscence. Early morning, when the inflores- cences stay at their fifth development stage, is the optimum opportunity for pistil to get pollen grains. The pollen-collection should be done at the end of the seventh stage.     

Biological features of flowering and development of male gametophyte in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anthurium andreanum</Emphasis>

The aim of this study is to follow each development stage of inflorescence in order to understand the biological feature of flowering and the development of male gametophyte in Anthurium andreanum ““Arizona““ and to try to find the optimum conditions for its pollination. The methods of dissection and paraffin section were adopted to examine the structural characteristics of anthurium‘s tiny floret and the development of the microspore. All the florets of the anthurium arrange on the rhachis helically subtended by a colorful bract. Each tiny floret has one gynoecium, four tepals and four stamina. The bract and the florets show different colors during the whole blooming period. The ovary is bicarpellary and has two locules, each of which has one anatropous ovule. The placenta is of a central placentation type. The stylar canal cells not only can produce the secretory mucilage but also can release their own cytoplasm caused by their self-disintegration before the pistil reaches its maturity. The wall of the anther is composed of four layers: epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The tapetal cells and the middle layers‘ cells degenerated completely during meiosis of microsporocytes. The pollen grains were 2-celled at the time of anther dehiscence. Early morning, when the inflorescences stay at their fiRb development stage, is the optimum opportunity for pistil to get pollen grains. The pollen-collection should be done at the end of the seventh stage.