实践八号种子卫星诱变水稻Ⅱ-32B的形态变异

航天诱变具有诱变频率高、有益变异广等特点,广泛应用于作物遗传育种研究.利用我国第一颗育种专用卫星"实践八号",对Ⅱ-32B水稻干净种子进行航天诱变,经过4代的定向选育,SP4代各株系已稳定,表现出丰富的变异.分析结果表明:各株系相应性状与对照组差异显著,剑叶长变异系数最大,穗长的多样性指数(H')最高,与结实率呈负相关的性状最多.形态多样性变异谱广、变异幅度大的这些材料将为航天诱变水稻的育种与遗传研究打下了一定的基础.     

基于STM8的交流电压检测系统设计

本文针对交流电压测量,设计了一种基于STM8的交流电压检测系统。该系统利用运算放大器等对交流信号进行处理后输入STM8中内置的ADC,实现模数转换,通过软件调试记录测量数据并绘制曲线,结果表明,该系统设计简单,技术指标满足需求,具有较好的使用价值。     

番茄果实特异表达启动子ESp1的克隆及表达

E8启动子是番茄果实成熟乙烯响应性基因E8的启动子区。这个区域中存在着一些响应乙烯以及在果实发育和成熟过程中起调节作用的顺式作用元件，调节E8基因在果实成熟过程中表达（Deikmaa et al．，1998）。本研究根据GenBank中E8基因的启动子区序列设计引物，从番茄基因组中克隆了该启动子，构建了番茄果实特异表达载体，并通过RT-PCR和gus基因检测了该表达载体的果实特异表达活性。     

自动化场景区分下FABF-YOLOv8s轻量化肉牛行为识别方法

针对现有目标检测模型在自然天气环境下肉牛行为识别易受复杂背景干扰及模型参数量、计算量、权重文件占用内存较大等问题,该研究提出基于自动化场景区分的轻量化肉牛多行为识别方法。首先,通过FasterNet模型自动区分天气场景。其次,对YOLOv8s网络进行轻量化设计改进,在Backbone端更换FasterNet 轻量级模型主干,结合尺度内特征交互AIFI,捕获重要特征信息;利用加权双向特征金字塔BiFPN作为Neck端网络,选择特征提取网络C2f-Faster作为节点,缩减卷积过程中参数量和计算量的同时提高模型精度,使其更适用肉牛行为识别及后期的部署。然后,使用MPDIoU 函数,解决肉牛交叉遮挡等局限性问题。最后,设计系统可视化界面,以图像和视频形式输入模型,借助可视化系统完成对肉牛行为识别效果展示。试验结果表明,FABF-YOLOv8s（FasterNet、AIFI、BiFPN、C2f-Faster,FABF）模型在肉牛行为数据集上,相较于YOLOv5s、YOLOv7和原YOLOv8s模型的mAP@0.5分别提升了1.1、4.7、0.4个百分点,参数量和浮点数计算量分别减少59.48%和43.66%,降低到4.51M和16.0 GFLOPs。引入自然场景因素构建的FasterNet-FABF-YOLOv8s模型mAP@0.5达到了94.6%。研究表明,自动化场景区分下构建轻量化肉牛行为识别系统,可为农户监测肉牛健康状况以及自动化智慧养殖提供技术支持。     

有机肥替代部分化肥对葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

为减少葡萄园化肥的施用量,从而改良土壤和提高果实品质,试验以5年生户太八号葡萄为试验材料,研究1 t/666.7m2、3 t/666.7m2、5 t/666.7m2和7 t/666.7m2有机肥处理对土壤理化性质、树体生长发育及果实品质的影响。有机肥替代部分化肥与单施化肥相比可以提高土壤透气性,降低土壤pH值,改善土壤微环境。与单独施用100 kg/666.7m2硫酸钾复合肥相比,用5 t/666.7m2有机肥替代50 kg/666.7m2硫酸钾复合肥的处理土壤有机质含量、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高了30.98%、16.79%、43.04%和19.08%,枝条长度、粗度及叶绿素含量分别增加11.46%、7.27%和6.45%,葡萄穗重、单粒重、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖分别提高了19.19%、8.31%、17.90%、8.49%、8.26%,可滴定酸含量降低了12.24%。综合分析认为5 t/666.7m2有机肥替代50 kg/666.7m2硫酸钾复合肥的处理效果较好,适宜在陕西地区推广应用。     

Land surface temperature retrieval for arid regions based on Landsat-8 TIRS data:a case study in Shihezi,Northwest China

Scientific interest in geophysical information about land surface temperature （LST） is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including environmental and agricultural monitoring. Therefore, the research of LST retrieval has become a hot topic. Recent availability of Landsat-8 satel- lite imagery provides a new data source for LST retrieval. Hence, exploring an adaptive method with reliable ac- curacy seems to be essential. In this study, basing on features of Landsat-8 TIRS thermal infrared channels, we re-calculated parameters in the atmospheric transmittance empirical models of the existing split-window algorithm, and estimated the ground emissivity with the help of the land cover classification map of the study area. Further- more, a split-window algorithm was rebuilt by virtual of the estimation model of the updated atmospheric transmit- tance and the ground emissivity, and then a remote sensing retrieval for the LST of Shihezi city in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of Northwest China was conducted on the basis of this modified algorithm. Finally, precision validation of the new model was implemented by using the MODIS LST products. The results showed that the LST retrieval from Landsat-8 TIRS data based on our algorithm has a higher credibility, and the retrieved LST is more consistent with the MODIS LST products. This indicated that the modified algorithm is suitable for retrieving LST with competitive accuracy. With higher resolutions, Landsat-8 TIRS data may provide more accurate observation for LST retrieval.     

基于改进YOLOv8模型的轻量化板栗果实识别方法

为实现自然环境下的板栗果实目标快速识别，该研究以湖北省种植板栗为研究对象，提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8模型的栗果识别方法YOLOv8-PBi。首先，将部分卷积（partial convolution，PConv）引入C2f模块中，缩减卷积过程中的浮点数和计算量；其次，引入加权双向特征金字塔网络（bidirectional feature pyramid network，BiFPN），增强多尺度特征融合性能，最后，更改边界框损失函数为动态非单调聚焦机制WIoU（wise intersection over union，WIoU），提高模型收敛速度，进一步提升模型检测性能。试验结果表明，改进YOLOv8-PBi模型准确率、召回率和平均精度分别为89.4%、74.9%、84.2%；相比原始基础网络YOLOv8s，模型权重减小46.22%，准确率、召回率和平均精度分别提升1.3、1.5、1.8个百分点。部署模型至边缘嵌入式设备上，经过TensorRT加速后，检测帧率达到43 帧/s。该方法可为板栗智能化收获过程中的栗果识别提供技术基础。     

Comparison of various tests for the serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma equiperdum infection in the horse

Comparative tests such as FAT, ELISA, RIA, IEO and CF in the diagnosis of dourine in the horse have proved a satisfactory concordance ratio of the ELISA with CF, which seems to be the most reliable test. Discrepancies have been observed as to the other tests which appear less sensitive than CF test.     

One-cycle growth studies with Maedi—Progressive pneumonia—Visna viruses: Shorter latent periods revealed

The latent periods of Visna virus and of progressive pneumonia virus were demonstrated by one-cycle growth studies to end 14–16 hr after infection of sheep choroid plexus cell cultures. Maedi virus was demonstrated to have a 14–18-hr latent period.     

Pseudotuber culosis in man: Possible epidemiological role of the cats

Human infection by Malassez and Vignal's bacillus (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) can take many clinical aspects, the most frequent of which is mesenteric adenitis with pseudo-appendicular syndrome, but occasionally also appearing as a tumor of the right lower abdominal quadrant.

In a subsequent stage this mesenteric adenitis is often accompanied by erythema nodosum. There also exist some septicemia-like forms, which have become more and more frequent of late, always appearing on a particular terrain (predisposed persons).

These various forms all correspond to contamination via the digestive route. Other, more exceptional modes of contamination may result in much rarer forms, such as ocular or pulmonary forms.

Diagnosis is based on: (a) demonstrating the presence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, (b) serodiagnosis, (c) a positive intradermal reaction, (d) the characteristic aspect of lymph node lesions.

Pseudotuberculosis is extremely frequent in animals. Many species, most of them rodents or birds, can serve as healthy carriers. This is how cats, through their access to this natural “reservoir”, get contaminated and thus act as a “conveyor belt” in transmitting the disease to man.