Ralstonia solanacearum virulence in tomato seedlings inoculated by leaf clipping

Ralstonia solanacearum is a phytopathogenic bacterium that colonizes the xylem vessels of host plants leading to a lethal wilt disease. Although several studies have investigated the virulence of R. solanacearum on adult host plants, infection studies of this pathogen on the seedling stages of hosts are less common. In a preliminary observation, inoculation of R. solanacearum F1C1 on 6‐ to 7‐day‐old tomato seedlings by a simple leaf‐clip strategy resulted in a lethal pathogenic condition in seedlings that eventually killed these seedlings within a week post‐inoculation. This prompted testing of the effect of this inoculation technique in seedlings from different cultivars of tomato and similar results were obtained. Colonization and spread of the bacteria throughout the infected seedlings was demonstrated using gus‐tagged R. solanacearum F1C1. The same method of inoculating tomato seedlings was used with R. solanacearum GMI1000 and independent mutants of R. solanacearum GMI1000, deficient in the virulence genes hrpB, hrpG, phcA and gspD. Wildtype R. solanacearum GMI1000 was found to be virulent on tomato seedlings, whereas the mutants were found to be non‐virulent. This leaf‐clip technique, for inoculation of tomato seedlings, has the potential to be a valuable approach, saving time, space, labour and costs.     

Genetic variability within Phaeoisariopsis griseola from Central America and its implications for resistance breeding of common bean

The genetic and virulence variability of 112 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola , collected from various locations in Central America, were studied using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Broad molecular diversity ( H  = 0·92) among isolates was found using RAPD markers. Fifty pathotypes were identified on 12 differential bean genotypes, 29 of which were represented by only one isolate. Only 18 pathotypes were found in two or more countries. Pathotype 63-63 was the most virulent and caused leaf spots on all 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Comparison of virulence phenotypes and RAPD profiles to known Andean P. griseola isolates confirmed that all isolates belonged to the Mesoamerican group. Pairwise comparison between individual RAPD loci showed that the majority were in gametic phase linkage disequilibrium, revealing that P. griseola maintains a genetic structure that is consistent with asexual reproduction. The molecular and virulence diversities of P. griseola isolates from Central America imply that using single resistance genes to manage angular leaf spot is inadequate and stacking resistance genes may be necessary to manage the disease effectively.     

铁皮石斛黑斑病菌室内药效试验

通过供试的18种药剂对铁皮石斛黑斑病菌体外抑制作用测试结果表明,除克菌特外,所有药剂对其孢子萌发都有显著的抑制作用,其中代森锰锌、易保、代森锌和炭疽福美可完全抑制孢子萌发,霉克特、扑海英、使百克、新太生、甲基托布津和世高对孢子萌发有较强烈的抑制作用。与对照比较,克菌特促进孢子萌发率高于对照23.34%,克菌特和庄园乐都能促进芽管生长。18种药剂对石斛黑斑病菌菌丝体的抑制作用测定结果显示,所有药剂对菌丝生长都有显著的抑制作用,其中使百克和世高对菌丝体抑制效果最好,抑菌率都达91.28%,其次是施佳乐、福星和扑海英。     

裂叶红麻的光合器官数量性状与麻皮产量相关性分析

对６个裂叶红麻品种（系）不同光合器官的数量性状与干皮产量作了相关分析。结果表明总叶数、７裂叶数及麻皮长和麻皮宽的光合器官之间及与干皮产量之间的相关都是显著的，而圆叶数、３裂叶数及５裂叶数与干皮产量相关不显著。总对数、７裂叶数及麻皮长的数量性状其广义和狭义遗传力都很低．表明主要光合器官的表现易受环境影响，注意选择圆叶数性状可能有助于培育高产品种。     

不同密度杉木林内辐射与叶面积垂直分布对生长的影响

本文通过对八年生杉木人工林内太阳辐射与叶面积垂直分布的观测与研究,用计算机绘图与计算,得出以下结果:杉木叶面积的垂直分布和叶面积指数与密度有关,冠形因密度增加由圆锥形变为圆柱形,叶面积指数是先上升后下降。杉木林内辐射的消减随密度的增加而加剧,在冠层深3/4处趋于平缓,当郁闭度低于0.85时,林冠下辐射有回升。用累加叶面积指数分层计算林冠消光系数,可减少因叶片分布不均匀而产生的误差。用累计值计算辐射,可简化观测与计算。用辐射吸收率、叶面积指数、杉木个体生物量及年均生物增长量4个指标对杉木林生长作综合评价,八     

广东鸡蛋果真菌病害调查初报

1989～1990年,对广州、惠州二市的鸡蛋果(Passiflora (?)is Sims)病害进行了调查,共鉴定10种病原真菌,包括2个新种:Phomopsis passiflorae J.F.Lu et P.K.Chi,引起果腐,及My-cosp(?)hella Passiflorae J.F.Lu et P.K.Chi,引起叶斑;1个新组合:sphoeropsis Passifloricola(Grove)J.F.Lu et P.K.Chi亦引起叶斑;2个国内新纪录:A(?)(?)(?)及Phommopsisterso(Sacc.)Sutton.但生产上为害最严重的是:Nectria haematocooca Berk.et Br.引起的茎基腐病及Ph(?) (?) VAr.p(?) (Dast.)Watern.引起的疫病,它们与病毒引起的花叶病是鸡蛋果生产中的三大病害。 新种及新组合的标本存华南农业大学植保系标本室。     

泰国政府投巨资收储农产品

以三色竹芋的侧芽为外植体,研究了三色竹芋不定芽诱导、增殖和生根的组织培养过程,并研究了6-BA浓度和继代次数对叶片颜色的影响。结果表明：以三色竹芋的侧芽为外植体,经过芽的分化、增殖和生根可获得批量组培苗;降低6-BA的浓度,减少继代次数,有利于保持叶片的颜色。     

桂中、桂北油茶主要产区成林林地土壤及叶片养分含量调查

对桂中、桂北油茶主要产区10个油茶成林林地土壤和叶片养分含量进行分析,结果表明:10个取样点的土壤属于强酸或极酸性土壤,8个取样点土壤的有机质含量及4个取样点土壤的碱解氮含量处于缺乏状态,全部取样点土壤的速效磷含量以及6个取样点土壤速效钾含量处于极缺乏水平;叶片全氮和全钾含量与土壤中p H值、有机质和碱解氮和速效钾的相关性不明显,但叶片中全磷含量与土壤中速效磷含量极显著相关,叶片全磷含量能较好的反映土壤中速效磷含量。     

猕猴桃溃疡病防治研究

对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病防治方法进行研究,结果表明,冬末春初“划道”控制,病斑,夏委彻底刮除治疗病斑,疗效达80％－90％,DTMz等为此病防治的首选药物。     

基于反射光谱预处理的苹果叶片叶绿素含量预测

以苹果叶片叶绿素含量为研究对象,定量研究了光谱数据预处理方法对光谱特征提取及叶绿素含量预测模型的影响。首先,比较了苹果叶片原始反射率光谱、小波包去噪反射率光谱、反射率一阶差分光谱、先小波包去噪后一阶差分光谱、先一阶差分后小波包去噪光谱这5种光谱的波段间相关系数以及光谱与叶绿素含量间的相关系数,建立了叶绿素含量预测逐步回归模型并对建模结果进行了比较分析。结果表明单纯3层sym8小波包去噪可使光谱曲线平滑,但不会明显提高模型精度;一阶差分虽然放大了局部噪声,但是消除了基线漂移影响,可提高模型精度;先差分后小波包去噪比先小波包去噪后差分具有更高的峰值信号噪声比,更低的均方误差与最大误差,建模结果也显示出同样的结果。因此,先差分后小波包去噪算法可认为是一种有效的苹果叶片叶绿素含量预测光谱预处理方法。利用这一方法建立了苹果叶片叶绿素含量预测模型,获得了较高的预测精度。该研究可用于对苹果树营养状态的评价并指导按需施肥。