硼胁迫对枳橙砧木细根根尖成熟区和幼嫩叶片细胞结构的影响

【目的】通过研究枳橙砧木对硼胁迫的反应,揭示缺硼对柑橘砧木细根根尖成熟区和中部功能叶解剖结构的影响。【方法】采用营养液的方式培养枳橙砧木幼苗,试验设置2个处理,分别为不施硼（-B）处理和施硼（硼酸含量为10 μmol·L-1,+B）处理。取枳橙砧木中上部的幼嫩叶片和细根根尖成熟区部分为观察材料,采用石蜡切片并结合透射电镜（TEM）,研究缺硼对枳橙砧木解剖结构和亚细胞微观结构的影响。【结果】缺硼导致根部的皮层薄壁细胞数目减少且排列疏松紊乱、细胞变形破裂,细胞间隙增大;同时,细胞质出现解体并伴随多种细胞器消失,细胞壁厚度明显增加;而加硼处理的植株根部薄壁细胞的形态则表现正常,细胞大小均一,排列紧密,细胞间隙小;加硼处理的维管束细胞着色较深,形态正常,维管束的结构层次清晰,呈圆周状均匀分散在中央髓部周围。硼胁迫严重抑制了根部维管束发育,使其分化不明显、细胞体积小且排列无规则。缺硼的叶片纵切面加厚且不均匀,海绵组织细胞变形破裂,细胞间出现大的空缺,细胞数目多且体积大,使得海绵组织在叶肉中所占的比例明显增加;加硼处理的叶片纵切面各处厚度均一,表皮细胞形状规则排列紧密,栅栏组织细胞呈长圆柱形,细胞单层垂直分布表皮细胞之下,细胞排列整齐紧密;栅栏组织下面的海绵组织细胞结构完整,排列疏松,细胞间形成大小均匀的气腔。另外,缺硼导致叶片细胞中积累较多淀粉粒,叶片可溶性糖与淀粉含量比加硼时分别提高35.3%和66.7%,而加硼处理的叶片细胞中则没有观察到有明显的淀粉粒存在;缺硼叶片的维管束中薄壁细胞出现变形、破裂等现象。【结论】缺硼破坏细胞内部结构,造成细胞壁加厚,叶片细胞内淀粉粒积累加剧;影响叶片中海绵组织细胞形态大小,细胞出现不正常增生,从而抑制砧木根尖及叶片中维管束的发育。     

砧木对椪柑生长结果及叶片矿质成分的影响

通过10年田间比较试验,探明枳砧与2种惯用乔化砧(椪柑、福桔)对椪柑生长结果及叶片元素含量的影响。枳砧明显抑制椪柑树体及新梢生长,而显著增加其开花、坐果数及单株产量,且产量较稳定。半矮化枳砧椪柑叶片含氮、锰量稳定高于2种乔化砧椪柑;而前者的叶片含钾量较稳定高于后两者,含钙量呈阶段性低于后两者;镁、磷、铜、铁、硼含量差异不稳定、锌无差异。     

不同地理种源白木通经济性状差异的比较

为了选育食用、油用及药用价值较高的白木通品种,对8个不同地理种源白木通的果实经济性状、果肉营养成分、藤条药用成分、种子含油率及脂肪酸组成相关指标进行了方差分析和多重比较。结果表明:(1)种源间的果实性状中各指标均存在显著性差异。安徽省宁国县军天湖乡天湖街道种源的可食率较高,超过30%,单果质量和果肉质量均最大,分别为276.64 g和84.82 g,显著高于其它7个地理种源,具有较高的食用价值。(2)种源间种子含油率及脂肪酸组成除不饱和脂肪酸外均存在显著性差异。安徽省宁国县军天湖乡天湖街道种源的含油率最高,为47.09%,不饱和脂肪酸的含量也较高,为72.61%,具有较高的油用价值。(3)种源间果肉营养成分性状存在显著性差异。江西省九江市东林寺东林村种源的总糖和还原糖含量最高,分别为32.35%和16.31%,显著高于其它7个地理种源,总酸及维生素C含量中等,果肉营养价值较高。(4)种源间藤条药用成分存在显著性差异。重庆市武隆县仙女乡白果村种源的齐墩果酸B含量最高,达到0.6%,显著高于其它7个地理种源,且其藤条的总药用成分含量最高,具有较高的药用价值。     

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为探明贵州野生三叶木通的有性生殖特性,用TTC法测定其花粉活力,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定其柱头可授性.结果表明:三叶木通花粉活力于雄花散粉当天最高,达91.96％,随散粉时间的延长花粉活力逐渐降低,花后3d和4d花粉活力分别下降至62.99％和11.72％,花粉寿命可维持3～4 d;三叶木通柱头大部分在雌花开放当天即具有较弱可授性但无黏液分泌,花后2～3 d可授性增强且黏液分泌旺盛,柱头可授性高峰期在花后3～5 d.三叶木通的花粉寿命与柱头可授期有重叠,生产中人工授粉工作应选择在3～4 d内完成.     

不同基质配比对盆栽枳壳实生苗生长的影响

以1年生的枳壳实生苗为试验材料,研究5种不同体积配比的生长基质(珍珠岩、草炭、蛭石、沙土、黏土)对枳壳实生苗营养生长和部分生理指标的影响,为柑橘的无土栽培提供理论参考。结果表明,珍珠岩和蛭石按1∶1体积配比的B处理,其枳壳实生苗的株高(25.80cm)、茎粗(0.62cm)、叶数(114片)、分枝数(10个)和根长(90.00cm)均达到最大,地上部和地下部鲜质量及干质量极显著或显著高于其他处理;叶绿素总量(37.65mg/g)、可溶性糖含量(0.15%)和脯氨酸含量(308.73μg/g)均高于其他处理,而丙二醛含量(2.05μmol/g)极显著低于其他处理。因此,珍珠岩和蛭石按1∶1体积配比最适于枳壳苗生长。     

Akebia saponin D promotes differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts through MAPK signaling pathways

AIM:To explore the role of Akebia saponin D(ASD) in the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) into osteoblasts. METHODS:The rat BMSCs were cultured using routine methods. The effects of ASD on the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts were observed. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) inhibitor PD098059 were used to evaluate the mechanisms. The activity of alkaline phosphate(ALP) and content of osteocalcin(OC) were assayed during differentiation. The mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL) was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The activity of p38 MAPK and ERK was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS:Six days after treatment with ASD, the mRNA expression of OPG significantly increased, while the mRNA level of RANKL significantly decreased in induced cells. ASD increased the activity of ALP and the content of OC. Moreover, ASD enhanced the activity of both p38 MAPK and ERK, which was inhibited by SB203580 and PD098059. SB203580 and PD098059 also inhibited the positive role of ASD in the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. CONCLUSION:Akebia saponin D significantly enhances differentiation of rat BMSCs into osteoblasts in vitro, which may be mediated by the p38 MAPK and ERK signaling pathways.     

三叶木通藤茎药用成分地理变异规律研究

为了了解三叶木通藤茎中药用成分与地理环境之间的相互关系,以10个种源地的三叶木通藤茎为研究对象,分别采用高效液相色谱法、比色法对其苯乙醇苷B、齐墩果酸及总皂苷含量进行了测定,并就其含量与其种源地各个地理气候因子的相关性进行了分析,还根据其药用成分含量对供试种源进行了聚类分析。测定结果表明:在供试的10个种源中,苯乙醇苷B、齐墩果酸及总皂苷的平均含量分别为0.644%、0.027%和0.596%。方差分析结果表明:苯乙醇苷B、齐墩果酸及总皂苷的含量在各供试的种源中均存在极显著的差异性。相关性分析结果表明:苯乙醇苷B含量与年日照时数间存在极显著的正相关关系(P0.01);齐墩果酸含量与无霜期天数间存在极显著的正相关关系(P0.01);总皂苷含量与年降水量间存在显著的负相关关系(P0.05)。聚类分析结果表明,在欧氏距离5处可将供试种源划分为3组:第1组包括江西瑞昌、江西武功山、湖南古丈;第2组包括安徽金寨、湖北鹤峰、江西峡江、江西广昌、江西浮梁、湖南怀化;第3组为江西婺源。     

酸解法从三叶木通果皮中提取果胶的研究

通过单因素和正交实验设计研究并确定了用酸解法在三叶木通这种经济价值较高野生生物中提取果胶的最佳工艺,结果表明,酸解法提取果胶的最佳工艺参数为:温度95℃,pH值1.2,时间120 min,固液比1∶25,在该条件下果胶的提取率为11.45%。为生产上从三叶木通果皮中大量提取果胶提供了技术支持。     

三叶木通总DNA提取方法的比较

以三叶木通(Akebia trif olia ta K o idz.)的新鲜叶片和硅胶干燥叶片为材料,分别采用CTAB法、高盐低pH法和苯酚法3种不同方法提取其植物总DNA,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度法检测获得的DNA的质量,以期从中找出提取三叶木通植物总DNA的最适方法。结果表明对于三叶木通的新鲜叶片和硅胶干燥叶片,无论从产率上还是质量上,CTAB法都明显优于其他两种方法。     

Phylogenetic relationships within <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus</Emphasis> and its related genera as inferred from AFLP markers

We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among Citrus and its relatives, including 29 genotypes belonging to Citrus, Poncirus, Fortunella, Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, Atalantia and Severinia using AFLP analysis. Cluster analysis was conducted using neighbour joining (NJ) method. The results demonstrated that Poncirus, Microcitrus and Eremocitrus are distant from Citrus. A strong affiliation exists between C. halimii and Fortunella and the results did not support C. halimii as the fourth basic species. Further evidence was provided that P. polyandra should not be the hybrid between trifoliate orange and Citrus genotypes and it deserves species status. Neither the separation of subgenus Papeda and Citrus nor the separation of subgenus Archicitrus and Metacitrus were clearly resolved in the dendrogram. C. ichangesis is a distinct species very different from other Citrus genotypes, and the results showed it is improper to classify it into subgenus Metacitrus. C. reticulata, C. maxima and C. medica were separated into three distinct clusters. Therefore if only cultivated Citrus species are considered, the three basic species concept is acceptable. However, it is not applicable for whole genus Citrus.