美国黑人英语语言特征在电影对白中的表现及分析

屡次被贴上“蹩足英语”标签的美国黑人英语（AAVE）在美国文化发展中所起的作用不容质疑，黑人英语作为黑人文化的源泉一直受到语言学家及社会学家的关注。文中围绕美国黑人英语中BE不变体、否定、嘲讽及黑人俚语运用等典型语言特征，以系列好莱坞经典黑人电影对白为素材，分析了美国黑人英语的“黑人味”。指出作为一种成熟的英语变体，美国黑人英语独特的语言体系及其蕴含的丰富黑人文化元素对研究美国多元文化的变迁具有重要意义。     

Updated distribution and host records for the argasid tick Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) zumpti: A potential vector of African swine fever virus in South Africa

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a lethal and contagious disease of domestic pigs. In South Africa, the virus historically circulated in warthogs and ornithodorid ticks that were only found in warthog burrows in the north of the country. Regulations implemented in 1935 to prevent transfer of infected animals or products to the south initially proved effective but from 2016 there have been outbreaks of disease in the south that cannot be traced to transfer of infection from the north. From 1963 there were widespread translocations of warthogs to the south, initially from a source considered to be free of ornithodorid ticks. We undertook to determine whether sylvatic circulation of ASFV occurs in the south, including identification of potential new vectors, through testing extralimital warthogs for antibody and ticks for virus. Results of testing warthogs for antibody and other species of ticks for virus will be presented separately. Here we report finding Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) zumpti ticks in warthog burrows for the first time. This occurred in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) in 2019. Since African swine fever was recognised in the ECP for the first time in 2020 and outbreaks of the disease in domestic pigs continue to occur there, priority should be given to determining the distribution range and vector potential of O. (P.) zumpti for ASFV.     

猪场生物安全体系中十个通道的设计应用

2018年8月开始,非洲猪瘟在我国快速多点发生,该病是高度接触性传染性疾病,目前无有效的疫苗和药物控制,各大公司和养殖户开始了猪场生物安全体系的升级改造。两年后我国大部分猪场的成功复产,全国生猪出栏量的大幅提升,证明了生物安全措施巨大效力;同时在严格的生物安全措施下创新了精准剔除、快速复产等操作,进一步证明了生物安全措施的有效作用。文章主要介绍猪场生物安全体系中入口(大门)和出口(后门)最为关键防线处的通道设计,方便所有的生物安全操作能够高效落实,切断病原轻易进出猪场的途径。     

An immunohistochemical study of the tonsils in pigs with acute African swine fever virus infection

An immunohistochemical study of the tonsils was carried out to gain further insight in the pathogenesis of acute African swine fever (ASF). Twenty-one pigs were inoculated by intramuscular route with a highly virulent isolate of ASF virus and painlessly killed at 1-7dpi. Viral antigen was highly distributed in the tonsil from 3 to 4dpi and an increase in the number of monocyte-macrophages was very evident at the same days post inoculation. This phenomenon was observed together with an increase of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Tumour necrosis factor alpha and Interleukin-1 alpha) and the apoptosis of lymphocytes studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique and haemorrhages. With these results, we can conclude that the tonsil is suffering similar lesions than those observed in other lymphoid organs in acute African swine fever, even when the route of inoculation is the intramuscular and not oral-nasal.     

急性非洲猪瘟的实验病理学研究

旨在通过对非洲猪瘟临床病理学和组织病理学的研究,探讨病理学变化与疾病发生发展的内在关系及其病理机制。选用体重20 kg左右的长白猪13头,肌内注射非洲猪瘟病毒毒株Pig/HLJ/18,剂量10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1。试验期间的死亡猪,全部进行系统剖检和取材,制备石蜡切片,苏木素伊红染色。建立病理学评价标准,病变（无序分类变量）用频率和百分比表示,病变程度（有序分类变量）按各组织器官的不同病变进行分级和评分。结果表明,发病猪符合非洲猪瘟急性、热性、高传染性等临床特征,发病率100%,病死率100%。病死猪表现败血症典型特征,尸体易腐败,血凝不良或溶血,尸僵不全。主要病理损伤为出血性坏死性淋巴结炎、急性炎性脾肿（败血脾）、脑水肿、肺水肿和肺实变等。脾和淋巴结是非洲猪瘟病毒攻击的靶器官,病变最为显著,出现时间最早,持续时间最长,发生频率最高。病理变化以血液循环障碍尤为突出,包括水肿、充血、淤血、出血、梗死和弥散性血管内凝血等多种病理表现,出血性病变为其最主要的特征。非洲猪瘟病毒引发的以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症反应贯穿始终,在病程的中后期表现更为明显。结果提示,急性非洲猪瘟的主要病理过程为典型的免疫/炎症级联反应和严重的全身血液循环障碍,共同导致急性非洲猪瘟的高发病率和高死亡率。     

桉树无性系的单板出材率与价值研究

为了系统深入地对单板出材率和价值的影响因素进行研究,以11个6年生桉树无性系为材料,使用无损检测仪器Pilodyn和Fakopp测定立木的外部密度和应力波传输速度,用轴向生长应变仪器CIRAD-ForestMethod测定立木生长应力,结合对原木外观形质的检测和单板质量等级的划分,运用差异性分析、相关分析及多元逐步回归分析。结果表明,无性系间立木的材性性状,原木形质中的小头最小直径、弯曲度和端裂指数存在显著差异。节疤,尤其死节(孔洞)、裂缝是降低单板等级的主要因素。无性系间单板出材率和价值存在显著差异,其中出材率(%)从大到小排序为:GL₉(48.27),EC₃₄(47.17),LH₁(44.00),DH_32-22(42.00),GL₄(37.56),SH₇(34.88),UC_184-1(34.38),LH₅(31.06),M₁(29.74),DH_201-2(25.41),SG₁(16.28),最大是最小的2.97倍;单段原木价值(RMB/log)从高到低排序为:EC₃₄(13.37),GL₉(13.12),GL₄(12.36),LH₁(12.02),DH_32-22(11.55),LH₅(10.72),SH₇(9.22),UC_184-1(7.95),M₁(7.55),DH_201-2(5.97),SG₁(4.88),最高是最低的2.74倍;单位材积价值(RMB/m³)从高到低排序为:EC₃₄(856.49),LH₁(794.55),GL₉(788.68),DH_32-22(763.02),GL₄(681.44),SH₇(629.35),UC_184-1(597.66),LH₅(559.08),M₁(538.39),DH_201-2(450.49),SG₁(294.53),最高是最低的2.91倍。5个品种的无性系作为胶合板用材,尾巨桉无性系价值最高。原木弯曲度是影响单板出材率和价值的主要因素,木材密度、小头直径、应力波传输速度及端裂指数等对其也有显著影响。无损检测仪器Pilodyn和Fakopp可对单板出材率和单位材积价值进行粗略预测。     

非洲猪瘟疫情背景下兽医公共卫生学课程的教学策略

兽医公共卫生学是利用一切与人类和动物健康问题有关的理论知识、实践活动和物资资源,为人类健康事业服务的一门综合性应用学科,在动物性食品安全、动物疫病及人兽共患病方面发挥着重要的防线作用。针对当前我国发生的非洲猪瘟疫情,在阐述兽医公共卫生学重要性的基础上,分析了兽医公共卫生学课程的教学策略,以期打破对兽医专业认识的局限性,强化理解兽医公共卫生的意义,提升兽医公共卫生学的课程价值,并为优化教学内容、提高教学质量提供指导。     

非洲猪瘟病毒环介导恒温扩增快速检测技术的建立及应用

本研究基于非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus, ASFV）vp72基因设计引物,建立了能够快速检测非洲猪瘟病毒的环介导恒温扩增技术（loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP）。将LAMP与OIE参考的PCR检测方法进行比较,并且应用LAMP对非洲猪瘟参考实验室提供的非洲猪瘟病毒17个毒株的基因组以及国内收集的50份猪的基因组、30份蜱的基因组进行检测。结果显示,本研究设计的引物具有良好的特异性和敏感性,所建立的LAMP能够成功扩增非洲猪瘟病毒17个毒株的基因组,而野外收集的猪和蜱的基因组检测均为阴性。因此,本研究所建立的方法能够用于非洲猪瘟的快速诊断以及防控。     

Experimental Pathological Study of Acute African Swine Fever

To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF.     

家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟的关键点分析

非洲猪瘟对家庭猪场的生产稳定性带来极大的挑战。文章分析了家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟存在的问题及对关键点针对性的防控措施。