Influence of soil water on stress–strain behaviour of a compacting soil in semi-arid Kenya

Depending on the top and subsoil textures, semi-arid soils exhibit cohesive and frictional properties that are associated with the relatively high soil strength, bulk density and penetration resistance. The objective of this study was to gain the knowledge of mechanical properties of the compacting chromic luvisols in order to improve the design of tillage tools. Therefore, we applied critical state soil mechanics to study the stress–strain behaviour of the luvisols using triaxial tests under laboratory conditions. Field investigations involved random collection of undisturbed soil samples which were subjected to triaxial testing first by isotropic consolidation and compression and then triaxial shearing. Plots of deviatoric stress against axial strain were made to determine the soil shear strengths at the critical states over different soil water levels and the two soil depths of 0–20 cm for the plough and 20–40 cm for the hard pan layers, respectively. An exponential model used to fit the deviatoric stress–axial strain test data accurately predicted the trends. Soil water significantly influenced the shear strength, cohesion (c′) and internal angle of friction (′) and hence the mechanical behaviour of the luvisols. The regression equations developed showed that c′ and ′ have quadratic relationships with soil water. The very high clay bonding strength in the subsoil (hard pan) layer resulted in high shear strength, bulk density and penetration resistance values for this soil layer. The increase in shear strength with decreasing water content affected the deviatoric stress–axial strain relationships between the upper and lower plastic limits of the sandy soil. Thus, as the soil dried, the soil ceased to behave in the plastic (ductile flow) manner and thus began to break apart and crumble. The crumbling was indicative of brittle failure. The transition stage from an increase to a decrease in c′ and ′ values with soil water occurred in the soil water content range of 6–10%. Knowledge of stress–strain behaviour of compacting soils is of practical significance in the design of appropriate tillage tools for the specific soil type.     

我国农业信息化发展现状及存在的问题

农业信息化建设是我国实现农业产业结构调整的重要措施,对我国农业的发展有着极为重要的历史意义．主要描述了我国农业信息化建设的现状,涉及农业知识库、农业专家系统、农业信息网络和基于3S技术的“精准农业”等现代农业信息化建设过程中主要的措施及技术,并对我国在实现农业信息化过程中普遍存在的问题和解决方法提出了见解和意见．     

新疆哈纳斯自然保护区地衣群落的聚类分析

我们根据多年的实地调查结果并采用聚类分析方法对分布在哈纳斯国家级自然保护区的地衣群落进行了研究。结果表明分布在该地区的地衣种类有 10 3种 ,他们分别属于 2 0科 ,4 0属。地衣物种形成了 6种群落。同时发现该地区地衣对基物形成专一性 ,它们的基物包括 :树皮、藓丛、藓土、草地、石面、地面、土层、石浮土等。     

饲料的不同形态与状态对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验采用2×2因子设计,共分4个处理,即粉料和颗粒料2种类型,每种类型2种状态(液态和固态)。试验选用96头(21±1)d断奶的三元(D×L×Y)杂交仔猪,试验期21 d。其中液态料按12∶.5的料水比进行浸泡。试验期间考察仔猪的耗料量、增重、腹泻情况、粪便pH值及木糖吸收情况等,并测定饲料的pH值和淀粉糊化度。结果表明:①与粉料组相比,颗粒料组仔猪平均日增重提高了9.7%(P<0.05),平均日采食量提高了13.5%(P<0.10)。②颗粒料的淀粉糊化度比粉料高15%-16%。③液态组仔猪全期平均日采食量和日增重均高于固态组(P<0.05),分别提高了10.3%和12.9%。④液态料组仔猪血清木糖含量比固态料组高52%(P<0.05),且腹泻程度显著(P<0.05)降低。     

根据噪声检测内燃机技术状态智能化系统的研究

本文提出一种方法新、操作方便的内燃机技术状态智能化测量系统，它使用声传感器拾取内燃机发出的噪声，用ＦＦＴ求得频谱，对ＦＦＴ算法中的误差进行了理论分析，提出了修正的方法，分析了频谱的特点，进行了信息提取、归一，给出了Ｆｕｚｚｙ模型，给出了一种用ＴｕｒｂｏＣ语言表达内燃机技术状态的具体方法，用以上方法对内燃机发出的噪声进行现场采样和分析，可以正确判断２４种内燃机的工况。     

应用混交育苗方式探索杉木与多树种混交

选择福建常用的 6个针阔树种 ,与杉木组成 3树种组合进行行状混交育苗 ,应用灰色局势决策方法进行分析 ,结果表明 :木荷与杉木与马尾松混交育苗具有正效应 ,作为 3树种混交林的树种搭配是合适的 .而马杉桤、木杉桤和桤杉闽这 3个树种组合 ,则表现出明显的负效应 ,作为 3树种混交林的树种搭配有待进一步的试验     

玛沁县畜牧业现状及可持续发展对策

通过对玛沁县畜牧业发展现状的分析，总结多年来的经验，提出了畜牧业可持续发展的策略。     

论国营林场营林基础问题

肯定了国营林场营基础地位与作用后，揭示了当前国营林场营林工作所面临的问题主要是营林投资严重不足、林区 生产工人文化素质低、二代林更新困难，最后提出了发展营林生产途径与一些必要措施。