金龟子绿僵菌固态培养生物变量优化研究

金龟子绿僵菌属于真菌类生物杀虫剂,本文研究了接种量、种龄、菌种代数等生物因素对金龟子绿缰菌生长及产孢量的影响,并对液—固两步发酵工艺进行了研究。经过优化,得到金龟子绿僵菌产孢的最佳生物参数是:接种量为2.5g/100g、种龄为5-6天;采用固体二代种,培养6天,孢子产量可达1.531×10~(10)孢子/g干培养基。     

活塞组机械疲劳试验的有限元仿真

对某铝合金活塞在机械疲劳试验机上做的疲劳试验进行有限元分析,为活塞的改进设计提供依据。采用装有活塞销的三维整体活塞有限元模型,应用接触单元模拟实际情况,对活塞在交变机械载荷作用下的应力和应变进行了计算,找出了危险点部位,计算结果与试验吻合。     

数字农业工程技术体系及其发展

数字农业工程是“数字农业”的核心组成部分,论述了数字农业工程技术体系的定义、内涵和构成,并就其目标及任务提出了观点,对数字农业信息获取技术进行了描述,对相关优先发展的领域提出了发展建议。     

考虑定常能量损失因子的柱塞泵效率特性建模

针对轴向柱塞泵效率特性模型难以保证全工况下模型预测精度的问题,提出利用定常能量损失因子对现有的轴向柱塞泵总效率计算模型进行优化.首先,利用能量守恒定律对轴向柱塞泵的能量损失构成进行了研究,分析了轴向柱塞泵总效率计算模型误差产生的原因;其次,建立了全工况下轴向柱塞泵效率特性模型,并验证了其有效性;最后,对变排量工况下轴向...     

Is behaviour in a novel environment associated with bodily state in brown trout Salmo trutta fry?

Energetic status and body size are inconstant bodily states often considered to have feedback effects on behaviour. Feedbacks can be negative, like starvation‐threshold feedbacks (lower state values = increased risk taking due to higher energy need, and vice versa), or positive, like state‐dependent safety feedbacks (higher state values = lower vulnerability when expressing risky behaviours, and vice versa). Few studies have investigated feedback effects during the early‐life survival bottleneck of territorial species, when rapid growth is particularly important to maintain competitive ability. We investigated effects of body size and energetic status on the emergence latency into an unknown environment in highly territorial brown trout fry. We manipulated energetic status using high and low food rations in different combinations over two consecutive periods. In contrast to results from other small‐sized fishes, no general behavioural effects of energetic state were detected, but larger fish had on average shorter emergence latency. Starvation‐threshold feedbacks were not supported, but the size effect favours the presence of a state‐dependent safety feedback. When individuals were split into clusters characterised by long (>34 s) and short (<34 s) emergence latency, a state‐dependent safety feedback, based on energetic status, was found in the short‐latency cluster. Positive state‐dependent feedbacks may reflect the high level of competition among wild trout fry during the first summer, particularly among the more active individuals (i.e., from the short latency cluster). High state levels could be utilised to gain advantages over lesser competitors (e.g., to establish territories), particularly if the overall risk of starvation is higher than the risk of predation.     

基于改进樽海鞘群算法的四旋翼飞行器姿态优化控制

针对集总干扰下四旋翼飞行器的姿态控制问题,提出了一种基于线性扩张状态观测器的快速连续非奇异终端滑模控制策略。该方法通过线性扩张状态观测器来估计和补偿集总干扰的影响,提高控制器的稳定性;借助非奇异终端滑模面有限时间收敛的特性设计控制律,加快控制器的收敛速度;控制器的稳定性分析由Lyapunov函数得以证明。引入樽海鞘群算法来优化控制器中的参数,提升控制性能。进一步地,引入一维正态云模型与自适应算子来克服参数整定算法的固有缺陷,增强其优化能力。通过仿真与试验验证了本文方法的有效性与实用性,结果表明:在阵风干扰下,本文方法比线性自抗扰控制策略具有更高的跟踪精度、更强的抗干扰能力与更快的响应速度。     

液电混合直线驱动系统位置控制特性研究

提出了一种采用电-机械直线执行器和液压缸的液电混合直线驱动系统。为消除电-机械直线执行器和液压缸之间的耦合影响,液压泵和比例阀协同控制液压缸输出力和运行方向,满足系统负载力需求,电-机械直线执行器用于运动控制,并补偿液压缸输出力波动和外部干扰力。为实现上述目标,设计了基于扩张状态观测器的电-机械直线执行器自适应滑模控制方法,以估计的负载力调节泵压力和比例阀开度,对液压缸输出力进行调控。比例阀在系统运行中主要用于控制液压缸运动方向,阀开度较大,可显著降低节流损失。通过仿真和试验分析了系统的运行特性和能效特性。结果表明,该系统具有良好的位置控制特性,能量效率高,较传统阀控系统能耗减少51%。     

加入WTO陕西苹果产业化发展的几个战略性问题

分析了我国尤其是陕西省的苹果产业化发展现状及潜在危机 ,提出了陕西苹果产业化发展的几个战略问题 :1以生态为核心 ,以资源为基点 ,以特色为内涵 ,以全球化为目标 ,科学规范化、地域特色化的苹果资源配置是生态型绿色苹果产业链的基础。 2生态型绿色无公害果业的建设是陕西生态型绿色苹果产业链的强生长点。 3以分子态认识陕西特色苹果资源的内涵成分为基础 ,以全球市场需求为背景 ,以多学科高技术集成化为手段 ,开发生产生物活性成分富集化、营养保健功能化的生态型绿色多元化产品 ,是陕西生态型绿色苹果产业链链接的核心点。 4苹果及系列加工产品安全性的评价、监测、预警及整体性、系统化、立体型产业化控制技术 ,是生态型绿色苹果产业链建设的强支撑点。 5生物、化学、机、光、电集成化 ,产学研一体化 ,加速陕西地区性优势苹果资源精深加工产业化 ,尽快形成陕西生态型绿色苹果产业链的梯度型、阶梯式龙头企业集团群     

土壤溶液中硒的价态变换及其影响因素

从理论上讨论了土壤硒的价态及其溶解性，土壤溶中不同形态的硒的溶解平衡与可能存在的Se(Ⅵ）的变价反应，土壤溶液中硒的价态转换的影响因素，特别是氧化还电位与PH对淹水土壤溶液中硒的价态变换的影响，并推导出Se的价态转换的PH－Eh图，根据pH-Eh图，可以预测土壤溶液中硒的价态变换与PH－Eh图关系。     

Metabolism of flupyrazofos in the isolated perfused rat liver

To investigate the hepatic metabolism of the new insecticide flupyrazofos [O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-5-yl) phosphorothioate], isolated rat liver was perfused with flupyrazofos under single-pass conditions. In outflow perfusate and bile, 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-hydroxyprazole (PTMHP), PTMHP-sulfate and PTMHP-glucuronide conjugates were identified as the metabolites of flupyrazofos. However, O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-5-yl) phosphate (flupyrazofos oxon) was not detected. A HPLC method with UV detection was used to investigate the hepatic disposition of flupyrazofos and its metabolite PTMHP. The concentrations of flupyrazofos, PTMHP and PTMHP conjugates in outflow perfusate reached steady-state levels within 20 min after commencing perfusion of 7.3 microM flupyrazofos. At steady state, the mean extraction ratio of flupyrazofos was 0.93 (+/- 0.01) and clearance was 26.1 (+/- 0.2) ml min-1 which nearly approached perfusate flow rate (28 ml min-1). PTMHP accounted for 55.7 (+/- 5.8)% of eliminated flupyrazofos and was recovered as unchanged PTMHP, PTMHP-sulfate and PTMHP-glucuronide in the bile as well as the outflow perfusate.