淫羊藿苷对鸡胚成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响

【研究目的】本文研究了淫羊藿苷对鸡胚成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。【方法】将不同浓度的淫羊藿苷加入第二代成骨细胞中,分别于培养24、48、72h时,使用MTT法和PNPP法检测成骨细胞的增殖率和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。【结果】淫羊藿苷促进鸡胚成骨细胞增殖和分化,但增殖作用不显著。其中当淫羊藿苷浓度为20ng/ml时,对成骨细胞增殖分化作用最强。【结论】淫羊藿苷能够显著促进鸡胚成骨细胞分化,对成骨细胞增殖有一定作用。     

硝酸纤维素膜印迹法测定对虾微量血淋巴碱性磷酸酶相对活性

用硝酸纤维素膜(NCM)印迹法测定日本对虾(Penaeusjaponicus)血淋巴碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的相对活性,以标准ALP梯度稀释液为参照,比较NCM印迹法与ALP测定试剂盒法对标准ALP梯度液的测定结果。数据回归分析显示,NCM印迹法所得结果同标准ALP梯度稀释液活性的回归关系极显著(P<0.01);用NCM印迹法测定ALP相对活性的灵敏度为试剂盒的100倍。分别用NCM印迹法与ALP测定试剂盒测定对虾血淋巴的ALP相对活性,测得结果呈强直线相关性(P<0.01),说明用NCM印迹法测定对虾血淋巴ALP相对活性具可行性。     

大黄鱼碱性磷酸酶基因的克隆及表达特征分析

碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)是一种广泛分布的单脂磷酸水解酶,是动物生物代谢过程中重要的调控酶。实验首次克隆了大黄鱼ALP基因cDNA全序列,命名为LcALP,其全长为2 345 bp,开放阅读框为1 629 bp,编码543个氨基酸。实时荧光定量PCR检测发现,LcALP在大黄鱼雌雄各组织中均有表达,其中在眼和头肾的表达量最高,雌性鳃和脑中LcALP表达量显著高于雄性,而在性腺和脾脏中的表达量则显著低于雄性;胚胎发育过程中,多细胞期、囊胚期和原肠期LcALP基因表达水平相对较低,在卵黄栓形成期明显提高,至孵出期达到峰值,而初孵仔鱼期则显著下调;大黄鱼肌肉细胞系经LPS处理后6 h LcALP表达量降低,12 h显著下调,而poly I:C处理后表达水平持续上升,24 h显著上调至峰值。研究表明,LcALP在大黄鱼胚胎发育调控以及机体免疫防御中发挥重要作用。     

HearNPV侵染对棉铃虫中肠碱性磷酸酶活性及表达水平的影响

【目的】通过研究棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HearNPV)感染宿主昆虫后对宿主中肠碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性与基因表达水平的影响,明确病毒在侵染宿主过程中对宿主昆虫中肠ALP的调控机理。【方法】采用不同剂量的HearNPV感染3龄棉铃虫,测定感染后不同时间昆虫中肠ALP酶活性及其编码基因表达水平,分析病毒感染试虫与未感染健康试虫的ALP活性和编码基因表达水平上的差异。【结果】HearNPV感染后,能够显著抑制ALP的活性,且抑制作用与感染病毒的剂量和感染后时间的增加呈正相关。ALP活性的下降与病毒下调其编码基因ALP的表达水平有关。【结论】HearNPV感染其宿主昆虫的过程中导致宿主ALP活性显著下降,该过程可能协助病毒粒子侵染宿主。病毒对ALP活性的抑制作用机理之一是下调了ALP编码基因的表达水平。     

溶藻弧菌对三疣梭子蟹溶菌酶和磷酸酶活性的影响

将健康的三疣梭子蟹（平均体重176±21.3g）分别注射生理盐水和溶藻弧菌,在感染后0、24、48和72h分别采集不同处理组梭子蟹的血淋巴、肌肉和肝胰腺组织,测定其中的溶菌酶（LSZ）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性,研究溶藻弧菌对三疣梭子蟹体内免疫相关酶活的影响。结果表明,感染组梭子蟹血淋巴LSZ活性在感染后24h显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,随后活性显著降低（P〈0.05）;肌肉和肝胰腺组织中LSZ活性在感染24h有稍微上升的趋势,但是随着感染时间的延长其活性又逐渐下降,且在感染48h后分别显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。感染组梭子蟹不同组织中ACP和ALP酶活随着感染时间的延长均呈下降的趋势,且感染48h后显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。试验表明,三疣梭子蟹感染溶藻弧菌后对机体免疫相关酶活指标的影响较大,导致机体免疫防御能力的减弱。     

三种母奶水牛血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的研究

用对一硝基苯基磷酸二钠法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳法，对三种母奶水牛—摩拉（Ｍｕｒｒａ）、尼里（Ｎｉｌｉ－Ｒａｖｉ）及三品系杂交［Ｎｉ♂×（Ｍｕ♂×Ｎａｎｎｉｎｇ♀）♀］水牛血清ＡＬＰ总活力、同工酶及其与产奶量的关系进行了测定和分析研究。结果表明：ＡＬＰ总活力为，三品杂（０．０６３６μｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｌ）＞摩拉（０．０６３μｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｌ）＞尼里（０．０４３０μｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｌ）；各品种内高、低产奶量比较为，高产＞低产。其同工酶的特点是，共有三种同工酶，其中尼里为ＡＬＰ＿２》ＡＬＰ＿１＞ＡＬＰ＿３、三品杂和摩拉为ＡＬＰ２》ＡＬＰ＿３＞ＡＬＰ＿１，但在尼里也出现了ＡＬＰ＿３＞ＡＬＰ＿１、在三品杂和摩拉也出现了ＡＬＰ＿１＞ＡＬＰ＿３的情况；在各品种内高、低产奶量比较是，ＡＬＰ＿２为高产＞低产、ＡＬＰ＿１和ＡＬＰ＿３为低产＞高产。并直接证实了两性载体电解质为水牛血清ＡＬＰ的强烈抑制剂。     

1α,25-二羟维生素D_3对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化及周期的影响

在SD大鼠成骨细胞(Osteoblast,OB)体外培养体系中添加不同浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D_3(0、10~(-9)、10~(-8)、10~(-7) mol/L),作用24、48、72 h,测定OB增殖率、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,作用48 h流式细胞仪测定OB周期.结果显示,10~(-9)mol/L 1α,25-二羟维生素D_3作用24、48、72 h均促进OB增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01),抑制ALP活性(P<0.01);10~(-8)、10~(-7)mol/L作用24、48 h,OB增殖率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但24 h时ALP活性均明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),48 h则抑制了ALP活性并使OB滞留在G_2/M期(P<0.05或P<0.01);72 h时10~(-7) mol/L组OB增殖率极显著低于其余各组(P<0.01),并使ALP活性升高(P<0.01).表明低浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D_3能促进OB增殖,抑制其分化;高浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D_3能抑制OB增殖,促进其分化,并使细胞滞留在G_2/M期.     

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Tolerance of Rosa multiflora cv. Burr to Bicarbonate in Irrigation Water

ABSTRACT

High bicarbonate (HCO₃ ^?) of irrigation water can be detrimental to plant growth in sustainable horticultural production systems. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ZAC-19, (composed of Glomus albidum, Glomus claroideum, and Glomus diaphanum) to enhance tolerance to HCO₃ ^? was tested on Rosa multiflora cv. Burr. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized and non-inoculated (non-AMF) plants were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM HCO₃ ^?. Increasing HCO₃ ^? concentration and associated high pH and electrical conductivity (EC)—reduced plant growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity, while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO₃ ^?, as indicated by greater growth (leaf, stem, and total plant dry weight, leaf area and leaf area ratio), leaf elemental concentration [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), boron (B)], leaf chlorophyll concentration, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect, lower root Fe reductase activity, and generally lower soluble ALP activity. While AMF colonization was reduced by increasing HCO₃ ^? concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO₃ ^? concentration. At 2.5 mM HCO₃ ^?, AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 mM HCO₃ ^?, further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO₃ ^? plant stress.     

Effect of botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins on the gut enzyme of the rice leaffolderCnaphalocrocis medinalis

The effect of botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins on gut enzyme activity of larvae of the rice leaffolderCnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated. Gut enzyme activities were affected by botanical insecticides and bacterial toxin individually and in combination. When fed a diet of rice leaves treated with botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins, in bioassays the activities of gut tissue enzymes — acid phosphatases (ACP), alkaline phosphatases (ALP) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPase) — of rice leaffolder larvae were affected. When combined, the effect was more severe at a low concentration. Larvae that were chronically exposed to botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins showed a reduction in weight (59–89%) and exhibited a significant reduction in ACP, ALP and ATPase activities. The combination ofBacillus thuringiensis kurstaki and botanical insecticides caused a decrease of twofold in enzyme activity even at reduced concentration. A synergistic effect was found when botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins were combined at low doses. These effects were most pronounced in early instars. Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity. In conclusion: (i) biopesticides are relatively safe and biodegradable; (ii) a synergistic effect of botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins was found; (iii) less expensive, readily available and naturally occurring biopesticides could be an alternative for organic and inorganic pesticides in controlling RLF. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 28, 2004.