高邮鸭和金定鸭胸肌早期发育及MyoD1基因表达分析

 
采用qPCR分析生肌调节因子MyoD1基因在高邮鸭和金定鸭胚胎期及初生早期(13、17、21、25、27胚龄和出雏后7日龄)胸肌发育中的表达模式以及与胚胎和胸肌发育的相关性。结果表明,MyoD1 mRNA在两个品种鸭胸肌早期发育中表现出一致的表达规律,均呈“波浪形”,在13胚龄时表达量相对较高,17胚龄时下降,21胚龄时上升到最高,随后下降,出雏后又维持较高水平;品种间比较结果显示除了在25胚龄时金定鸭胸肌中MyoD1 mRNA表达量稍低于高邮鸭,在其他所检测的胚龄/日龄中,金定鸭胸肌中MyoD1 mRNA表达量均高于高邮鸭胸肌中的表达量(P>0.05);高邮鸭胸肌MyoD1 mRNA表达与胚胎和胸肌发育无显著相关性,而金定鸭胸肌中MyoD1 mRNA的表达与其胚胎和胸肌发育呈强负相关(P胚重=0.048;P胸肌重=0.006)。MyoD1基因参与鸭胚胎期及出雏早期胸肌的发育,胸肌中MyoD1基因表达分析研究为进一步深入研究MyoD1基因在胚胎期胸肌发生过程及其调控机理中的功能提供一定的理论依据     

青枯无致病力菌株诱导番茄抗青枯病的生化机制

用紫外诱变法获得的青枯无致病力菌株诱导番茄,植株产生了对青枯病的抗性反应,该菌株对致病菌没有直接的抑制作用,且对番茄不能致病.番茄经无致病力菌株处理后,体内与抗病反应相关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性显著增强;酚类物质和木质素含量也显著提高;病程相关蛋白(PRP)含量也提高.这表明青枯无致病力菌株产生诱导抗性的机制可能是植物本身的抗病代谢过程被激活了.     

Factors affecting the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum and its colonization on tobacco roots

Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious disease affecting tobacco cultivation in southwest China. The response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal conditions of tobacco bacterial wilt, and green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) labelling was applied to monitor the location and survival dynamics of R. solanacearum (Rs::gfp) on tobacco roots and in soil under these optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest wilt incidence was 91.13%, which occurred when the population reached 6.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g soil, the temperature was 30.55 °C, and the humidity was >81.42%. The Rs::gfp densely colonized the root tips and root hairs, and cells of Rs::gfp were observed intermittently in the elongation zone or at the point of the emerging lateral roots. The Rs::gfp number in the rhizosphere soil was 10.75‐, 73.13‐ and 74.86‐times higher than that in the bulk soil at 10, 15 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively. Increased colonization by Rs::gfp was related to the population of the pathogen, the environmental temperature and the humidity in the soil. These three conditions determined whether R. solanacearum would induce tobacco wilt. This is the first study to investigate factors affecting the virulence of a tobacco wilt bacterial pathogen, which is important for conducting field diagnosis and biocontrol of tobacco bacterial wilt.     

乌蒙山系东方蜜蜂的形态学及分类地位研究*

 从云南水富县太平乡（4群）和贵州六盘水市盘县（3群）共采集了7群东方蜜蜂Apis cerana样本,每群测定分析15只工蜂,每只工蜂总共有38个测定的形态特征。测定的性状特征数据进行主成分分析,聚类分析和因素分析,并与云南省内其它县东方蜜蜂A.cerana的相关数据进行比较。结果发现,水富东方蜜蜂A.cerana个体较大,体色较浅,贵州六盘水东方蜜蜂A.cerana个体较小, 体色较浅,与云南省内南部东方蜜蜂A.cerana分开,与德钦东方蜜蜂A.cerana形成一个类群。     

银中杨DREB2A基因RNA干扰载体构建及转化农杆菌的研究

应用Gateway技术体系替代传统载体构建方法,构建了银中杨(Populus albaxp)DREB2A基因的RNA干扰载体,并将其转入根癌农杆菌EHA105中。该RNAi表达载体的构建对进一步研究杨树DREB2A转录因子基因的功能具有重要意义。     

猫尾草的栽培管理初探

本文对猫尾草种植过程中的整地、单播、混播、灌溉、病虫害、刈割和施肥、轮作、种子及其生产方面的栽培管理等情况进行初步论述,结合国内实际情况提出了建设性建议。     

暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌丝体培养基的碳源、氮源及无机盐的筛选研究*

 通过单因子试验和正交试验,研究了不同碳源、氮源及无机盐对暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明：暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌丝生长的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为酵母膏,最适无机盐为KH₂PO ₄和MgSO4·7H₂O。最佳培养基配比为：葡萄糖20 g,酵母膏1 g,MgSO4·7H₂O 15 g, KH₂PO₄ 1 g,去皮马铃薯200 g,琼脂20 g,H2O 1 L。     

Improving Potato Production in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia: A System Diagnosis

Increased productivity of potatoes can improve the livelihood of smallholder potato farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia and is required to meet the growing demand. This paper investigates the opportunities for potato system improvement that could result in improved productivity. Through a diagnosis of the potato systems in the three countries on the basis of surveys and stakeholder workshops, seed potato quality management, bacterial wilt control, late blight control and soil fertility management were identified as key technical intervention topics. For effective problem solving in these areas, the functioning of the potato innovation system requires improvement to better deliver the functions of potato marketing as well as knowledge development and information exchange. With use of a ‘system failure framework’ the shortcomings of the potato innovation system are identified and discussed and options for improvement are suggested.     

Assessment of latent infection frequency in progeny tubers of advanced potatoclones resistant to bacterial wilt: A new selection criterion

Summary This paper reports results of a 3-year evaluation of CIP advanced potato clones in a bacterial wilt-infested field (race 3) in Peru. Clones resistant or moderately resistant to wilt were selected and all tubers harvested from each clone were tested for latent infection byRalstonia solanacearum using a sensitive serological technique developed at CIP. A sampling strategy to estimate accurately the frequency of infected tubers in the clones has been evaluated. This method will allow consideration of tuber latent infection as a new selection criterion in breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt. Thirteen clones were found resistant to wilt in all three evaluations (i.e.≤6% wilt), from which five had no wilt in all trials. However, all clones harboured latent infection in tubers averaging 30%. Analysing 30 tubers/clone provides an accurate estimation of the proportion of infected tubers with a high precision level.     

鸡油菌属真菌2个洲际间断分布种

 分别从云南省剑川县和香格里拉县采集到鸡油菌属(Cantharellus)真菌的东亚/北美/大洋洲间断分布种红鸡油菌(C. cinnabarinus)和东亚/北美间断分布种太平洋金色鸡油菌(C. formosus)。对两者进行了形态学描述和基于核糖体大亚基 (LSU nrDNA) 的分子系统学分析。研究结果表明中国原被定为C. cinnabarinus的标本代表着一个尚未发表的新分类单元,而本文报道的红鸡油菌为真正的C. cinnabarinus;太平洋金色鸡油菌为中国新纪录种,以其暗褐色的子实体区别其近似种C. cibarius。研究标本保存于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆。