香菇设施栽培菌棒制作及培养的关键点解析

我国食用菌工厂化生产水平近十余年取得了长足的进步,而香菇由于自身生物学特性的原因,工厂化生产技术研究进展相对迟缓。解析香菇设施栽培中菌棒制作培养的难点包括:培养料的木屑颗粒大小与比例,填料方式,灭菌,优质菌株,菌种类型,菌棒发菌及转色管理等。结合介绍当前较前沿的设施设备;分析讨论并提出解决途径;指出使用网格培养架进行发菌培养是突破性进步。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定稻谷中无机砷

通过优化液相色谱柱的分离流速和流动相组成等色谱分离条件,对比了微波辅助提取和稀酸热浸提两种提取方式,建立了以稀酸热浸提、液相色谱柱分离和原子荧光检测来测定稻谷中无机砷含量的方法。试验表明,稀酸热浸提是一种简便有效的提取方式;在该实验条件下,9 min内能实现三价砷和五价砷的完全分离,检测限分别为0.0046 mg/kg和0.0060 mg/kg,回收率在90%～112%。     

外来物种琵琶鼠鱼与本地物种鲫鱼混养的初步研究

试验探究了外来物种琵琶鼠鱼(Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus)和本地物种鲫鱼(Crucian carp)混养时的关系,研究入侵物种对生物多样性和生态环境的破坏。结果表明,琵琶鼠鱼与鲫鱼在不同配比的混养情况下,体重均表现为降低,其中琵琶鼠鱼的体重下降更多,但均有正增长的趋势。琵琶鼠鱼与鲫鱼之间存在空间竞争关系,且鲫鱼表现出更强的竞争优势。     

Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

水稻低节位早发分蘖与秧苗叶片形态、碳氮代谢的关系

为了研究水稻(Oryza sativa L.)低节位早发分蘖与叶片形态、碳氮代谢之间的关系,并筛选低节位分蘖多、早期分蘖发生速率快且符合理想株型叶片形态的水稻品种(系),对31个籼亚种水稻品种(系)早期低节位的分蘖特性、叶片形态及碳氮代谢指标进行了相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明,在正常栽培条件下,不同水稻品种(系)第一叶位成蘖率存在广泛变异,而第二、第三叶位成蘖率达到100%;水稻低节位分蘖发生速率与秧苗前3片叶叶长呈正相关,分蘖数量与叶宽呈负相关,因此,在育种上,可以将水稻秧苗前3片叶较长且较窄作为筛选早发分蘖水稻品种的参考形态指标;水稻植株体内蔗糖含量只影响分蘖发生速率,但不影响分蘖数量;硝态氮含量既影响分蘖发生速率,也影响成蘖率,氮代谢酶谷氨酸合酶(NADH-GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(NADH-GDH)的活性能促进水稻低节位分蘖的发生;将31份水稻品种(系)进行聚类,可分为A、B、C 3类,其中C类材料是分蘖发生较早且分蘖发生速率快、叶片形态更接近于理想株型叶片形态的优质育种材料。     

fRANS HALS德国鸢尾组织培养及植株再生研究

以德国鸢尾(Iris germanica. L)FRANS HALS叶片、球茎作为外植体,利用正交试验设计研究探讨不同激素及不同浓度组合对鸢尾愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽分化以及试管苗生根的影响,为鸢尾快速繁殖、种质资源的保存及利用提供最优的技术方法。结果表明,不同外植体灭菌时间也不同,叶片为3%次氯酸钠3 min,球茎为3%次氯酸钠5 min;鸢尾组培快繁的最适合外植体为球茎;鸢尾愈伤组织诱导和芽分化的最适培养基配方为MS+NAA 0.10 mg/L+6-BA 1.00 mg/L,生根培养基为MS+1\2MS+NAA 0.10 mg/L,试管苗移栽基质采用泥炭∶珍珠岩=8∶2,成活率达90%以上。