杜松的播种繁殖技术

<正>杜松(Juniperus rigida)是柏科、刺柏属的常绿乔木。该树种主要产于河北尚义、崇礼、宣化、涿鹿、尉县小五台山、涞源尚庄等地海拔1000～1600m的阳坡或半阴坡,在东北、华北、陕西、甘肃、宁夏等地有分布。树冠塔形或圆锥形;小枝下垂;叶条刺形,硬而直,先端锐尖,表面深凹,内有一条白色气孔带,背面有明显纵脊,无腺体;球果近球形,熟时淡褐黑色或蓝黑色,常被白粉;种子近卵圆形;花期5月;球果成熟期翌年10月。杜松喜光,稍耐荫,喜冷凉气候,比圆柏耐寒,深根性,耐干旱瘠薄土壤,能在岩缝种顽强生长,对海潮风有相当强的抗性,是良好的风沙源治理和海防林树种之一,同时由于树姿挺拔秀丽,又是良好的庭园观赏树种,因此具有很好的发展前景,现将杜松的播种繁殖方法介绍如下:     

干旱、半干旱山区杜松无灌溉育苗技术

<正>杜松(Cupressaceaejuniperusregida)为柏科常绿小乔木,高可达10m,树冠塔形或圆柱形,在我国东北、华北、西北均有分布。主产地为黑龙江(南部)、吉林(长白山区)、辽宁、内蒙古、河北(小五台山)和山西(北部),在黄土高原的陕西、山西、甘肃、宁夏、河南(西部)等省区亦有分布,为强阳性树种,喜光,耐干旱寒冷气候及干燥山地,对土壤要求不严,常被用于干旱地造林。常规育苗成活率、保存率低,在干旱、半干旱山区育苗更困难。通过我们在干旱、半干旱地区多年的实践表明,采用集水、节水和小拱棚容器袋育苗技术,不仅省水、省地、省种,而且苗木的抗旱性强,同时移栽后苗木根系保存完整,造林成活率高。     

陕西杜松自然保护区存在的问题与对策

介绍了陕西杜松自然保护区概况，分析了自然保护区建设发展中存在的问题，并提出了相应的保护发展对策。     

杜松的繁殖技术

杜松，别名欧洲刺柏、普圆柏，柏科，桧属。常绿乔木，高可达12米。树冠圆柱形，老时圆头形。大枝直立，小枝下垂。刺形叶，质坚硬，上面凹下成深槽，槽内有一条窄白粉带，背面有明显的纵脊。球果熟时呈淡褐黄色或蓝黑色，披白粉。种子近卵形顶端尖，有4条不显著的棱。花期5月，球果翌年10月成熟。树种喜光、耐阴，喜冷凉气候、耐寒，对土壤的适应性强，喜石灰岩形成的栗钙土或黄土形成的灰钙土，     

杜松的育苗技术浅析

根据杜松生物生态学特征,详细介绍了杜松育苗过程中在苗圃地的选择、种子的处理、播种时间、播种量、播种方式及覆土厚度、田间管理等主要技术标准.     

Reproduction of juniper (Juniperus polycarpos) in Khorasan Razavi, Iran

Juniperus species （juniper） are resistant to drought and have medicinal properties. In order to investigatethe condition of juniper reproduction and prevent a decline in its area, largely caused by problems in natural regeneration, the asexual reproduction of juniper has received special attention besides its sexual propagation. Among the six species of juniper in Iran, the most abundant are Juniperus polycarpos and J. excelsa. Juniperus polycarpos is ambi-sexual and J. excelsa unisexual. We show that collecting seeds in September provided for better germination than in November. In sexual propagation 82.0% and in asexual （graft） 47.6% success were achieved. Compared to a mixture of water, lime and hormones, a natural treatment of only water had better results. Diurnal change of temperature increased germination of juniper seeds over a constant temperature. Aphyllous stem cuttings from mature and old trees are less successful in rooting than leafy cuttings of juniper saplings. A treatment with Aaterra significantly reduced the percentage of rooted cuttings and total root length. Aliette, Fongarid, Octave, Benomyl, Delsene M and Maneb fungicides significantly increased the percentage of rooted cuttings but did not affect total root length. Autumn explants formed more calli than spring explants. Successful multiplication was achieved by treating buds with a mixture of 0.7% polyvinyl pyrrolidone （PVP） and 2% sucrose and cultured in a basal MS or WRC medium, with a maximum number of new buds. In consideration of extracted material of juniper species in remedy of infectious, fungus, contagious diseases as well as for drought resistance and longevity of this species in severe arid environmental conditions and various industrial applications, reproduction and seed production by micro propagation and biotechnology are necessary.     

用浓硫酸快速催芽杜松种子的试验

杜松是北方广大地区的优良绿化树种之一,杜松一般采用种子繁殖,无性繁殖生根率较低。种子繁殖关键在于种子处理,种子不经处理,播种后当年基本不发芽,而采用层积处理种子容易提前发芽,给播种工作带来麻烦。本试验采用浓硫酸处理杜松种子,优点是：催芽处理时间短、种子发芽率高、幼苗出土快、苗木质量好、单位面积产量高、成本低等,为杜松种子育苗提供了新的途径。     

杜松种子育苗技术

杜松是北方干旱半干旱地区城市园林绿化中重要的造型观赏树种之一,也是黄土高原地区水土保持林的优选树种之一。笔者在介绍杜松形态和生物学特性的基础上,从种子采收、种子处理、育苗地选择、播种、幼苗管理、移植管理和抚育管理等方面介绍了杜松种子育苗技术,可为该树种的繁育和推广应用提供技术参考。     

干旱寒冷地区园林绿化优良树种--杜松

杜松为柏科刺柏属小乔木（河北又称棒儿松,因其树形紧凑而得名）,是珍贵的针叶常绿树种,它树形优美紧凑,生长缓慢,寿命长,病虫少,抗逆性强。具有耐干旱、耐寒冷、易繁殖、易栽培、易管理的特性,是干旱寒冷地区理想的绿化观赏、绿化美化树种。可用于城乡绿化、高速公路绿化、机关大院绿化美化、物业小区绿化美化等。