超声化学共沉淀法制备SO4^2-/ZrO2/Al2O3固体酸及其催化作用

采用超声化学共沉淀法制备SO4^2-/ZrO2/Al2O3固体超强酸催化剂,采用FT-IR、TG-DTG对催化剂进行了表征,并对催化剂的酸性强度及催化乙二胺合成哌嗪的性能进行了研究．结果表明,该催化剂具有桥式双配位结构,该结构在温度超过700℃时被破坏;随浸渍溶液浓度增大,催化剂的酸性强度和含硫量均先增大后减小;随陈化时间增加,催化剂的酸性强度增大,但陈化时间超过9h后,催化剂的酸性强度没有明显变化;焙烧温度不超过550℃时,催化剂的酸性强度随焙烧温度升高而增强,但温度超过550℃后,催化剂的酸性强度随焙烧温度升高反而降低;随催化剂中Al摩尔分数的增大,催化剂的酸性强度先增大后减小．引入Al对于提高乙二胺的转化率、改善哌嗪的收率和选择性具有一定的作用,并且哌嗪的收率和选择性随Al含量的增大而增大．     

位点特异整合酶φC31的作用机制及应用

链霉菌噬菌体φC31整合酶是一种位点特异整合酶（Sitespecific recombinase,SSR）,其能够精确并单向的促进attP位点与attB位点的重组,是继Cre/Loxp、FLP之后又一个倍受关注的位点特异整合酶,该整合酶已经成为基因治疗、转基因研究等领域的常用技术手段。现对φC31位点特异性整合酶的作用机制、整合位点及其在转基因和基因治疗中的应用进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

白斑综合征病毒囊膜蛋白VP31与该病毒侵染的相关性

白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)是一种已给世界养虾业造成了严重危害的病原体.根据GenBank上公布的WSSV囊膜蛋白基因VP31的序列,设计并合成特异引物,PCR扩增得到VP31基因,大小为783 bp.通过引物两端的BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点连接该基因,然后将其构建到家蚕杆状病毒表达载体pFAST BAC HTB上.重组的家蚕杆状病毒转染5龄家蚕幼体内表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE检测,显示与预期31 kD大小相吻合的蛋白带.用Ni2 柱纯化该蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗体,肌肉注射克氏鳌虾进行活体中和病毒试验.中和试验结果显示,囊膜蛋白VP31与白斑综合征病毒的侵染性相关,对病毒的侵染性可能起着重要作用.     

外源性CNT对3H-甘油在哈白兔体内的示踪动力学研究

【目的】研究甘油在动物体内的分布及代谢规律。【方法】以哈白兔为试验动物,利用同位素示踪法研究了3H-标记的甘油(3H-Glycerol)在动物体内的分布、转运与代谢规律,建立了其示踪动力学模型。【结果】皮下注射3H-Glycerol 95 h后,其主要分布于肾脏、肠及脂肪中,且表现为:肾>肠>脂肪>肝脏>脑>膀胱>胃>肌肉>心脏>生殖器>肺脏>脾脏。【结论】甘油在哈白兔体内的代谢具有其独特的示踪动力学方程,外源性CNT对甘油在哈白兔血液中的代谢及在组织和器官中的分布均有明显影响。     

新疆棉花铃期植株氮素挥发初步研究

采用同位素示踪等方法研究棉花铃期植株氮素挥发的化学成分和各成分损失量。在室内水培条件下,采用密闭生长室抽气法测定棉花植株NH3挥发;应用^15N示踪技术,采用静态箱法测定棉花植株N2和N2O挥发。在抽气速率为0.26m^3／h情况下,棉花植株氨的挥发速率约为48.34μg／g·h。同位素标记时期,在静态箱法测定期,棉花N2的释放速率为3.96μg／g·h干重;N2O的释放速率为4.53μg／g·h干重。棉花铃期可以通过地上植株释放出NH3、N2和N2O。     

子莲新品系建选31号区域试验

建选31号是福建省建宁县莲籽科学研究所于2008年通过有性杂交培育而成的子莲新品系。2013年．以当地主栽品种建选17号为对照，对子莲新品系建选31号进行多点区域试验。试验结果表明，建选31号具有长势强、花期早而长、花量多、结实率高、蓬大粒多、籽粒大、适应性广、抗病性强、品质好等特点，比对照增产14．1％。     

Characterization of Phosphorus in Sewage Sludge from Different Sources by 31Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

To investigate the distribution and dynamics of phosphorus (P) in soils for environmental protection and agronomical usage, ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P NMR) was used to characterize the contents and chemical properties of P in sewage sludge from 13 wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai. The samples were extracted with 0.25 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) / 0.05 M sodium ethylenediamietetraacetic acid (Na₂EDTA) in ratio of 1:20 (w/v). Total P recovery in the extract ranged from 91 to 116% when compared to traditional chemical methods. The dominant forms of P in all samples were inorganic orthophosphates and orthophosphates monoesters. Orthophosphate diesters and pyrophosphates were present in only two and four samples, respectively. This study provides detailed information on the distribution, contents, and chemical properties of P in sewage sludge that may be of value in the utilization of sewage sludge for agronomic purposes.     

Effects of tillage and crop rotation on chemical phosphorus forms and some related biological activities in a Chilean Ultisol

The effect of tillage systems and crop rotation on microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) and acid phosphatase (P‐ase) activity, and the amount of different phosphorus (P) forms measured by ³¹P‐NMR spectroscopy were studied on a field experiment carried out in a temperate Ultisol from southern Chile. Two tillage systems, no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and two crop rotations, oat–wheat (OW) and lupine–wheat (LW) were evaluated 4 yr after the start of the experiment to determine the effects of such management on some soil biological parameters and P forms at three depths (0–5, 0–10 and 10–20 cm). Microbial biomass P ranged from 6.5 to 22.6 mg/kg, whereas the mean total P (P_T) was 1995 mg/kg for all treatments (OW and LW). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and surface P accumulation (at 0–5 cm depth), including Olsen P, MBP, orthophosphate monoesters (monoester‐P), were larger under NT than CT. Tillage effects were greater than crop rotation effects in enhancing P availability. The LW rotation showed enhanced P‐ase activity and increased monoester‐P forms (57 vs. 30% of the total integral area of the spectra, in average) compared with OW. Nevertheless, OW rotation increased orthophosphate (ortho‐P), especially at 10–20 cm. Microbial biomass carbon ranged from 532 to 2351 mg/kg, which represented 1.2–4.5% of total organic C (C_o). Furthermore, MBP correlated positively with MBC (r = 0.80), Olsen P (r = 0.77), C_o (r = 0.77), pH (r = 0.65), P_T (r = 0.65) and P‐ase activity (r = 0.57), suggesting the importance of the microbial biomass on soil P availability.     

Solution 31Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Acid-Extractable Phosphates in Animal Feces

Characterizing phosphates in animal fecal and manure samples is of interest to environmental-monitoring research efforts. Acid extraction removes relatively mobile phosphates from samples, offering a better indicator of the mobility of phosphates in environment, but acidic extracts impose challenges to the solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR) spectroscopy, which is commonly used for analyzing phosphates in environmental samples. Acid-extractable metals precipitate phosphates in the alkaline condition under which solution ³¹P NMR experiment runs, blurring the spectrum for adequate analysis. We found that neutralizing acid extracts with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) plus 50 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) before freeze drying eliminated the chemical interferences otherwise observed. The resulting ³¹P NMR spectra can be used to quantify acid-soluble phytate and other phosphates in animal fecal and manure samples. The improvement in detection will support efforts to investigate the mobility of phosphates in feces and manures used as land amendments.     

不同地域牛尾毛中稳定同位素指纹差异分析

利用同位素比率质谱仪测定来自黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡和火石山乡、内蒙古太仆寺旗、河北省张家口市和三河市、山东省德州市和聊城市7个地域牛尾毛中的δ13C、δ15N和δ2H值,比较分析了不同地域来源牛尾毛中稳定同位素指纹特征差异,探讨不同地域来源牛尾毛中稳定同位素组成差异、影响因素及地域差异的范围,为牛肉及其产品同位素指纹溯源技术在实际中的应用提供指导。各区域牛尾毛中δ13C值表现为:黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡(-14.83‰±2.12)、河北省三河市(-14.20‰±1.19)、山东省德州市(-14.16‰±2.51)和山东省聊城市(-15.78‰±1.08)>黑龙江省安达市火石山乡(-18.87‰±1.69)、内蒙古太仆寺旗(-19.29‰±2.43)和河北省张家口市(-19.83‰±1.92);δ15 N值为:黑龙江省安达市火石山乡(8.07‰±0.95)>内蒙古太仆寺旗(5.73‰±0.85)、河北省张家口市(6.65‰±1.45)>黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡(4.60‰±0.41)、河北省三河市(4.24‰±0.75)、山东省德州市(4.18‰±0.96)和山东省聊城市(4.90‰±0.46);δ2H值为:河北省三河市(-87.78‰±1.99)、山东省德州市(-87.91‰±3.19)和山东省聊城市(-89.24‰±2.90)>河北省张家口市(-94.07‰±3.38)>黑龙江省安达市火石山乡(-97.05‰±3.41)、内蒙古太仆寺旗(-97.55‰±2.79)>黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡(-102.25‰±2.99)。不同地域来源牛尾毛中稳定碳、氮、氢同位素指纹差异及地域差异范围取决于不同地域喂养牛的饲料组成、地域海拔和纬度的差异程度。