Performance of Chinese vegetable—Sweet Rape Flower 31 in Ethiopia

This paper describes the yield performance, plant characters, and insect pest and disease resistances of Chinese vegetable--Sweet Rape Flower 31 under Ethiopia conditions.     

磷同位素示踪技术在生态与资源环境科学研究中的新进展

同位素示踪技术广泛应用于土壤-植物-动物生产-环境系统中磷的活化、形态转化、吸收利用、迁移规律等方面的研究,极大地推动了生态、资源环境科学的发展。本文介绍了几种利用同位素示踪技术研究磷在土壤-植物-动物生产-环境系统中动态行为方法的进展,其中放射性同位素磷稀释技术已应用于盆栽和大田试验的研究,主要包括直接标记水溶性磷肥磷或土壤易交换性磷、间接标记难溶性磷和难溶性磷酸盐通过中子堆照活化3种方法。磷酸盐中氧稳定性同位素示踪技术是新近发展起来、并不断完善的方法,为磷从农田到水体环境迁移过程的定量研究提供了可能,但该技术在土壤-植物系统中的应用还存在一定的局限性,有待技术与理论上的进一步完善。核磁共振技术为生态系统中磷形态变化,尤其是有机磷形态的定性与定量研究提供新的研究手段。     

^15N示踪技术应用于甘蔗氮素吸收与分配的研究

采用田间微区方式,研究在施氮量相等的条件下,基肥、分蘖肥和攻茎肥分别施用20%、30%和50%15N标记尿素对甘蔗氮素吸收及分配的影响.结果表明,甘蔗不同器官从肥料中吸收的NDFF%和NDFF均表现为攻茎肥＞分蘖肥＞基肥;氮素在甘蔗根系和叶片的分配比率均为基肥＞分蘖肥＞攻茎肥,而在蔗茎中的分配比率则是攻茎肥＞分蘖肥＞基肥;不同时期施肥甘蔗对氮素的利用率表现为攻茎肥＞分蘖肥＞基肥.     

Species‐specific differences in nitrogen uptake and utilization by six European tree species

Species‐specific uptake and allocation mechanisms for N are scarce, in particular when trees are cultivated in potted soil under more natural conditions than in hydroponic culture. The objective of this study was to compare specific N‐uptake rates for economically and ecologically important tree species in Central European forests: pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies), oak (Quercus petraea), beech (Fagus sylvatica), lime (Tilia cordata), and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) when they grow in mineral soil from an old fallow site with a pH of 6. We used an ¹⁵N‐labeling method to measure tree seedling ¹⁵N uptake in potted soils (Humic Cambisol) when both N forms NH$ _4^+ $ and NO$ _3^- $ were simultaneously present in the soil solution for interspecies comparison and assessment of relationships between specific ¹⁵N‐uptake rates and amino acid–accumulation rates or relative growth rates (RGR). The results demonstrate that tree species varied significantly in their capacity to take up NH$ _4^+ $ or NO$ _3^- $ into roots, stems, or leaves, but indicate only marginal differences in their preference for NH$ _4^+ $ or NO$ _3^- $ when they grow in mineral soil. The ranking of specific ¹⁵N‐uptake rates for NH$ _4^+ $ and NO$ _3^- $ was oak < beech < spruce < pine < lime < ash. Fine roots of all species had the highest specific ¹⁵N‐uptake rates for both N forms, followed by total roots, leaves/needles, and stems. As regards tree seedling species, we found negative relationships between glutamine (Gln)‐accumulation rates in leaves/needles and total ¹⁵N‐uptake rates in fine roots. Noteworthy was the fact that, at high Gln‐accumulation rates, the N‐uptake system in fine roots of ash was probably lower under feedback inhibition by the amino acid.     

火炬树克隆分株前后端水平侧根直径不对称性分析

以1、2和3年生火炬树克隆分株为研究材料，分别于2003年生长季取样，研究激素的种类和含量、光合产物分配特征以及前后端水平侧根的形态解剖差异。结果证实：9株1年生火炬树克隆分株测定器官^14C同位素活度均呈现饲喂叶〉茎〉前端（RDF）〉后端（RDB）的递降序列；火炬树1～4年生克隆分株前端侧根次生木质部宽度超过后端侧根次生木质部宽度，在于前端侧根形成层分裂活动活跃，次生木质部导管直径和密度大；1年和3年生火炬树克隆分株前端的IAA/GA3比值高于后端的IAA／GA3比值。分析认为：火炬树克隆分株水平侧根直径不对称与光合产物趋前积累、激素水平以及形成层活动等因素密切相关。火炬树克隆分株的茎和前端侧根分别属于优先和次优先生长与光合产物的贮藏中心。