高亲和铵转运因子在春小麦中的遗传转化研究

为了培育可高效吸收利用铵态氮的小麦品种,将高亲和铵转运因子AtPRP3-AtAMT1;1融合基因导入优质强筋小麦品种龙辐18中,利用基因枪法对3 760个小麦幼胚愈伤组织进行了轰击。结果表明:经过筛选分化共获得69株抗性苗。用2对特异引物对转基因植株进行检测,成功获得4个转基因植株,转化率为0.11%,可作为选育高亲和铵转运因子小麦的原始材料。     

晋大78~(60)Co诱变M_5代的遗传变异分析

为分析辐射诱变对拓宽大豆种质资源遗传基础的作用,以晋大78及其经60Co辐射处理产生的66份M5代群体为材料,利用60对SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:18对筛选出的引物共检测到45个等位变异,平均每个等位变异数为2.5,不同位点的等位变异数为2～6个;多态信息量的变幅为0.058～0.760,平均每个引物的多态信息量是0.359;Shannon's指数范围为0.134～1.642,平均值=0.581;M5代群体与未辐射的晋大78之间的遗传相似系数的变幅为0.625～1.000。在遗传相似系数GS=0.72处,可将材料分为三大类。诱变后代中47份诱变后代材料诱变成功,与晋大78之间的相似系数GS小于1。诱变成功的材料遗传多样性丰富,与晋大78差异明显。     

不同氮素形态及配比对毛竹实生苗生长及养分吸收的影响

利用砂培法研究不同氮素形态及配比对毛竹实生苗形态指标及养分吸收的影响．结果表明：毛竹实生苗对不同氮索形态的吸收和利用有显著差异．NO3^-1：NH4^＋=2：2最适于毛竹实生苗的生长。较其他处理显著提高了毛竹实生苗生物量,促进了N、P、K等大量元素和Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe等中微量元素的吸收;NO3^--N为主的氮素供给模式更有利于毛竹实生苗的生长,且能促进实生苗提前分蘖;当氮源中NH4^＋的比例超过总氮源50％时,毛竹实生苗生长即受到抑制,当氮源全部为NH4^＋—N时,毛竹实生苗最终死亡．本研究表明,毛竹实生幼苗为弱喜硝植物,这对毛竹林施肥实践有一定参考意义．     

基于USB650南疆红枣颜色分级方法的研究

以南疆红枣颜色快速分级为研究对象,采用美国海洋光学USB650红潮光谱仪来测量红枣的颜色特征值,采用红枣颜色按L[微软拥护1]值分级时,一级红枣的L值为30.2~35.4,二级红枣的L值为35.5~39.9,三级红枣的L值为40.0~44.6,按L值分级与人工分级的一致度为93.65%;以红枣的L、a、b值作为特征值,应用BP人工神经网络进行分级,BP人工神经网络分级与人工分级的一致度达到了94.76%。结果表明,以L、a、b三个颜色值分级效果要好于仅以L值分级,BP人工神经网络分级效果优于人工分级,较好地满足红枣颜色分级的需求,对南疆红枣产品的加工、销售具有一定的理论指导和实际应用意义。     

犬布氏杆菌外膜蛋白Omp31基因的原核表达

克隆了犬布氏杆菌外膜蛋白Omp31基因并构建原核表达系统,并对表达产物进行了初步的血清学鉴定。利用PCR技术扩增犬布氏杆菌RM6/66参考株Omp31基因,然后将其克隆到pGEMT-easy载体上进行测序。测序正确后,将该基因插入到pET-32a载体中构建原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,诱导表达融合蛋白,Western blot分析融合蛋白的免疫反应性。结果构建了犬布氏杆菌Omp31基因的原核表达载体pET-Omp31,并且在大肠杆菌中成功表达融合蛋白,经Western Blot鉴定该蛋白能被犬布氏杆菌阳性血清所识别。犬布氏杆菌外膜蛋白Omp31的表达成功,为犬布氏杆菌病血清学诊断方法的建立提供了基础资料。     

硬盘容量与数字资源格式

在数字世界里，存储，处理，加工，运算等操作，可以由操作系统以及操作系统的应用程序完成。所有数字世界的数字都具有一定的数字格式，操作系统Windows XP兼容两种数字格式FAT32以及NTFS格式。IDE数据线设计的硬盘的最大容量为1．2414×10^61。T级别的硬盘远还没有到达IDE数据线设计的最大容量。数据的数字格式根据开发软件的要求，确定软件数据的属性。数据属性兼容性越强，数据使用范围越大。     

低磷胁迫下玉米根中磷的运转与再利用

磷在植物体内可被活化和循环利用，因此磷的再利用程度成为评价植物磷营养效率的重要指标。低磷胁迫下植物根皮层细胞解体形成通气组织的过程中，原细胞内磷素可能被转运到根尖用于根轴的伸长从而扩大吸收范围，并提高体内磷素的利用效率。本研究旨在检验这一假设。试验结果表明，在低磷胁迫下，玉米种子根皮层细胞的磷素在细胞解体过程中主要被转运往茎叶重新利用。     

稻麦轮作条件下化肥氮素对土壤氮的替换作用

采用盆栽实验，第1季水稻生长期内施入^15N标记硫酸铵，在以后的各季作物生长期内使用非标记硫酸铵，连续5季实施稻麦轮作，在每一季结束后采样测定^15N标记硫酸铵的去向，并利用土壤中^15N残留量数据计算了不同施肥强度下土壤氮被替换的速率，以此反映人们对土壤氮素干预的程度。计算结果是：假设肥料氮一旦进入土壤就看成是土壤氮，那么肥料氮替换50％的土壤氮因施肥量不同需要7～60a（14～121季）；如果将作物成熟以后残留于土壤的肥料氮看成是土壤氮，那么替换20％的土壤氮因施肥量不同需要3～7a（5～15季），替换30％的土壤氮需要无限长时间。     

Phosphorus compounds in subarctic Fennoscandian soils at the mountain birch (Betula pubescens)—tundra ecotone

Nutrient availability will partly regulate the response of high latitude ecosystems to climate warming, but phosphorus biogeochemistry is poorly understood in Arctic soils. We used NaOH-EDTA extraction and solution ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine phosphorus compounds in subarctic soils from three locations in the Fennoscandian mountains contrasting in latitude and continentality. Soils were taken from open tundra and mountain birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) forest at each location. Between 87 and 95% of the total phosphorus was extracted from the surface 2 cm of the organic soil horizons. Most of the extracted phosphorus was orthophosphate monoesters (44-55%), with smaller concentrations of inorganic orthophosphate (15-24%), orthophosphate diesters (12-16%), pyrophosphate (3-18%), inorganic polyphosphate (0-15%) and phosphonates (0-4%). The orthophosphate diesters were further subclassified into DNA (9-13% extracted phosphorus) and phospholipids (1-6% extracted phosphorus), although strong signals in the orthophosphate monoester region of the spectra, consistent with the degradation of phosphatidyl choline in alkaline solution, suggested that phospholipid concentrations were substantially underestimated. The phosphorus composition was broadly similar among soils from the three locations, although no phosphonates were detected in tundra soils from the most southerly site. Deeper organic horizons tended to contain a greater proportion of orthophosphate monoesters than at the surface. The abundance of phosphorus compounds that would be considered readily degradable in temperate environments probably reflects the slow organic matter decomposition in these cold, acidic soils, and suggests that phosphorus availability is unlikely to limit ecosystem productivity on mesic soils at the birch-tundra ecotone during changes induced by climate warming.     

Assessing the bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus in pasture and cultivated soils treated with different rates of nitrogen fertiliser

A proportion of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in soil leachates is readily available for uptake by aquatic organisms and, therefore, can represent a hazard to surface water quality. A study was conducted to characterise DOP in water extracts and soil P fractions of lysimeter soils (pasture before and after, and cultivated soil after leaching to simulate a wet winter-autumn) from a field trial. Data on DOP in drainage waters from the field trial were also generated. In water extracts, used as a surrogate for soil solution and drainage water, 70-90% of the total dissolved P (TDP) concentration was made up of DOP, of which 40% was hydrolysable by phosphatase enzymes. Proportions of hydrolysable DOP to TDP in drainage waters of the field trial were less than in water extracts due to enhanced DRP loss via dung inputs, but still large at 35% of DOP. Analysis of lysimeter soils by sequential fractionation indicated that several organic P fractions changed with land use and due to leaching. Further investigation using NaOH-EDTA extracts and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the greatest changes were a decrease in the concentrations of orthophosphate diester P and an increase in orthophosphate monoester P. This was attributed to mineralization by cultivation and plant roots and also to the leaching of mobile diester P. This study suggests that in such soils with a dynamic soil organic P pool, the concentration of readily bioavailable P in soil solution and drainage waters and the potential to impair surface water quality cannot be determined from the DRP concentration alone.