广西八角良种研究综述

八角主产广西,是南亚热带重要的香料树种。广西的八角良种研究始于20世纪80年代初,经过全区品种资源普查,划定了17个农家品种,确定4个类型为优良类型,然后继续优良个体的选择,突破了无性繁殖技术的关键,初步选出了优良单株,并有3个无性系通过区级良种认定。     

引种栽培西蒙得木的适应性研究Ⅰ——生物学习性观察及枯萎病研究

概述了西蒙得木的经济价值和国内外发展状况,根据在云南发展中出现连续枯萎死亡的现象,首先研究了生物学习性和生态适应性,分离接种了来自病健根的菌类,得到的4种镰刀菌都要在根系衰弱时才能侵染根系,引起根系衰弱的原因需要进一步研究。     

安吉刚竹属2个新变型

描述了产于浙江省安吉县刚竹属2个新变型——花秆红壳雷竹Phyllostachys incarnata Wen f.bicolor P.X.Zhang,X.X.Chen et G.H.Lai和黄秆水竹Ph.heteroclada Oliv.f.flaviculmis P.X.Zhang,X.X.Chen et G.H.Lai。前者不同于原变型在于其竹秆和枝条黄色,沟槽部分为绿色,其他部位也多少有不规则绿色纵条纹,部分叶片有少量淡黄色或白色细纵条纹;后者不同于原变型在于其竹秆和枝条黄色,偶有少量不规则绿色纵条纹,叶片偶有黄白色细纵条纹。     

Selection for partial resistance to downy mildew in peas by means of greenhouse tests

Summary A partially downy mildew resistant pea line was back-crossed to a susceptible cultivar with more pods per node and lower seed weight. Breeding lines with different degrees of infection in a greenhouse test were selected. These lines and the two parental lines were investigated in field trials and tested in the greenhouse for four generations. Significant genetic variation among lines was found for infection of seedlings in greenhouse tests, and infection of pods, pod set and seed weight in field-trials. Infection of seedlings in the greenhouse was correlated with infection of pods in the field. In greenhouse tests, the non-genetic variance component was large in comparison with the genetic component and a significant genotype trial interaction was found. Significant repeatability was obtained for downy mildew on seedlings and pods, number of pods per node and seed weight. An unfavourable correlation between susceptibility to downy mildew and number of pods per node was found. No single breeding line showed the ideal combination of good resistance, high number of pods per node and small seeds. However, one line showing better resistance than the susceptible parent, with smaller seeds and more pods per node than the resistant parent was found. The susceptible parent also carries some resistance factor that is not present in the resistant parent.     

平湖剑子麦、洪湖大太宝、崇阳红麦、延岗坊主、万年2号抗赤霉病性基因分析

本试验将抗性组分分析法与单体分析法相结合,进行了小麦抗性基因染色体定位和抗性评价。结果表明,平湖剑子麦是抗性较稳定的中抗至抗病品种,其抗性基因涉及6D、7A、3B、5B和6B 等染色体。洪湖大太宝抗性基因和感病基因并存,是一个中抗偏感或中感品种。崇阳红麦属感病品种。延岗坊主的抗性基因位于染色体3A 上,感病基因位于5D 上,是一个中抗品种.万年2号麦穗前期抗病基因位于4D 和5A 上,是中抗品种。两种方法结合研究多基因控制的赤霉病抗性,能获得比较准确的结果和较多的遗传信息。     

Field assessment of partial resistance to powdery mildew in spring barley

Summary Partial resistance to powdery mildew in spring barley was evaluated in three plot types: large isolation plots, in 1.4 m² plots in chessboard design with guard plots of spring wheat and in single rows. Percentage leaf area covered by powdery mildew was scored four to six times during the season and partial resistance was characterized by the area under the disease progress curve. Varietal differences were revealed in al three plot designs, differences between the most resistant and susceptible genotypes being of a factor five. Differences between varieties decreased with decreasing plot size. The relationship between single scores of amount of powdery mildew on the upper four leaves and the area under the disease progress curve was high in all plot designs during the first two to three weeks after heading, allowing selection for the trait by one or two scorings. Differential ranking of varieties between different plot designs was observed, and is assumed to be due to increasing plot interference with reduced plot size and reduced distance between plots. A reliable selection for partial resistance could be made in large isolation plots and in 1.4 m² plots, but hardly in single rows.     

Utilization of alien genes to enhance Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat – A review

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. Sources of resistance to FHB are limited in wheat. Search for novel sources of effective resistance to this disease has been an urgent need in wheat breeding. Fusarium head blight resistance has been identified in relatives of wheat. Alien chromatin carrying FHB resistance genes has been incorporated into wheat through chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation. Relatives of wheat demonstrate a great potential to enhance resistance of wheat to FHB.     

Meiotic behavior of passion fruit somatic hybrids, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener + P. amethystina Mikan

Somatic hybrids (SH) obtained by protoplast fusion were investigated for meiotic behavior in order to determine their possible use in breeding programs. Flower buds from four genotypes of SH between P. edulis f. flavicarpa (E) and the wild species P. amethystina (Am) denoted SH (E + Am) # 12, # 13, # 28 and # 35 were collected and the microsporocytes analysed. Meiotic phases showed the presence of abnormalities such as univalents, bivalents and quadrivalents, laggard chromosomes and anaphase bridges. At least 14 bivalents were observed in most of the cells of the hybrid plants. The percentage of cells with quadrivalents ranged from 73.3 in (E + Am) # 13 to 93.3 in (E + Am) # 28 and # 35. Analysis of pollen viability (V) indicated V = 88.23% for # 12, V = 83.86% for # 13, V = 84.20% for # 28, and V = 72.90% for # 35, and fruit development was observed. The high pollen viability, together with the multivalent pairing observed in the four somatic hybrids indicates that these materials can be used for the genetic improvement of yellow passion fruits aiming at introgressions of genes for resistance to diseases and pests. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

探究姜和大蒜粗提取液对甘蓝枯萎病菌的抑制作用

研究旨在了解不同浓度姜和大蒜粗提取液对甘蓝枯萎病菌的抑制效果及对菌丝形态结构的影响,以此初步获得最适合的抑制病原菌的植物粗提取液浓度。以姜和大蒜粗提取液为供试材料,测定不同浓度2种粗提取液对甘蓝枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌的生长情况、孢子浓度、孢子萌发率及菌丝结构的影响。结果表明,2种粗提取液均能抑制并降低尖孢镰刀菌的生长速率、孢子浓度和孢子萌发率,且大蒜粗提取液比姜粗提取液抑制效果更显著,在低浓度下对菌丝形态结构的影响也比姜粗提取液明显,大蒜粗提取液在各浓度下与对照相比均达极显著差异,且大蒜浓度为0.4 g/mL时对尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发率抑制达100%。该试验证实大蒜对甘蓝枯萎病菌有极显著抑制作用,为使用间种或轮作大蒜进行田间防治甘蓝枯萎病菌提供了参考。     

蒿属植物提取物对棉花枯萎病菌和红腐病菌的抑制活性研究

在实验条件下,采用菌丝生长速率测定法,以棉花枯萎病菌、棉红腐病菌为供试菌,对茵陈、黄蒿、艾蒿等3种蒿属植物提取物的抗菌活性进行了研究。结果表明,供试3种蒿属植物提取物对棉花枯萎病菌和棉花红腐病菌均具有较好的抗菌活性,其中尤以艾蒿提取物的抗菌活性强而稳定,48~96h对上述两病菌的菌丝抑制率均达80%以上;丙酮提取物的抗菌活性强于乙醇提取物,前者的EC50为1.4785 mg/L ,后者的为3.2090 mg/L。间歇振荡法、超声波法、冷浸法提取物对供试菌的72h菌丝抑制率分别为84.34% 、84.56%、88.7% ,可见同种溶剂不同提取方法所得提取物抗菌活性基本一致。