Lens formation in the absence of optic cup in rat embryos irradiated with soft X-ray

In order to investigate the effect of soft X-ray irradiation on ocular development, pregnant rats were exposed to a single 12.5 Gy irradiation on embryonic day 9 (ED 9). The embryos obtained by laparotomy on ED 12 and 21 were examined for ocular abnormalities under a binocular stereo-microscope and a light microscope. The ED 12 embryos were stained with osmium tetroxide to facilitate the observation. The stereo-microscopic examination on ED 12 and 21 revealed various types of ocular abnormalities characterized primarily by aplasia or hypoplasia of the optic cup and invaginated lens placode. The light microscopic examination further confirmed these findings histomorphologically, and the hypoplastic abnormalities were classified into three types: (1) hypoplasia of the optic cup and invaginated lens placode, (2) complete malformation of the optic cup and hypoplasia of the invaginated lens placode, and (3) complete malformation of the optic cup and invaginated lens placode. Because the lens was formed in the complete absence of the retina, the development and differentiation of the retina and lens do not seem to be tightly synchronized. Thus, this sequential analysis on ocular abnormalities during the early stage of development supports the notion that the presence of the retina is not always necessary for the development of the lens.     

喷施磷酸二氢钾对桃叶片和果实性状的影响

以不同成熟期的桃品种豫甜、豫香、秋甜、秋蜜红为试材,研究了喷施磷酸二氢钾对其叶片叶绿素含量、干鲜质量比及果实的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量等品质特性的影响。结果表明,喷施磷酸二氢钾能提高叶片中叶绿素含量、干鲜质量比和果实可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量;对果实的可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量影响不明显;叶片喷施不同浓度和次数的磷酸二氢钾均可推迟桃果实成熟期;喷施清水和对照处理间叶片性状和果实品质差异不明显;喷施磷酸二氢钾浓度和次数以500mg/L3次效果最显著,以300mg/L3次最经济有效。     

基于LISS4数据的小麦氮素营养状况反演研究

利用LISS4卫星遥感数据在小麦氮素营养状况监测方面进行了初步研究。根据搭载多光谱传感器LISS4的IRS-P6的过境周期,2006年5月3日在江苏省盐城地区进行同步地面取样测试,通过分析试验点小麦LISS4影像光谱信息与小麦叶面积指数及叶片氮含量的相关关系,发现小麦叶面积指数和叶片氮含量与LISS4影像三个波段反射率及植被指数RVI、NDVI、GNDVI均密切相关,表明利用LISS4遥感影像监测小麦氮素营养状况是可行的。比较不同波段原始反射率和植被指数,在本研究中LISS4影像波段4反射率与小麦氮素营养状况相关最密切。检验结果也表明利用LISS4影像波段4反射率估测小麦氮素营养状况是可行的。研究成果为利用遥感技术大面积监测小麦氮素营养状况和实施精确栽培管理提供了理论依据。     

利用硫酸铜液诊断母牛早期妊娠技术初探

采用3%和5%硫酸铜液对57头黑白花母牛进行早期妊娠诊断,然后通过直肠检查技术进行确诊。结果表明,3%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为87.14%,5%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为84.80%,两组均以配种后31~50d中午乳样检出准确率最高,平均阳性率为90.35%。5%硫酸铜液乳检的阳性符合率较3%硫酸铜液稍低,即造成误诊空怀率稍高,实际应用中以3%硫酸铜液进行母牛早期妊娠诊断,其准确率较高。     

硒对硒蛋白-谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因表达及其酶活性的调节

本文根据国内外研究现状详细综述了硒调节细胞型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX1)mRNA水平、蛋白水平及酶活3个水平的可能分子机理,初步概述硒对其余GPX基因表达的影响及其作用机制,为深入研究硒调节GPX基因表达的作用机制提供参考。     

奶牛饲喂不同精粗料比TMR对排泄粪尿和氮磷的影响

将18头荷斯坦产奶牛随机分为试验6组,每组3头,试验Ⅰ～Ⅵ组奶牛依次饲喂不同精粗料比（精料：粗料）的TMR1（20∶80）、TMR2（30∶70）、TMR3（40∶60）、TMR4（50∶50）、TMR5（60∶40）、TMR6（70∶30）的日粮,探讨不同精粗料比TMR对奶牛粪尿、N、P的排泄量和CH4释放量的影响。结果,饲喂TMR4与饲喂TMR1和TMR6的奶牛相比,每头奶牛每年CH4释放量减少15.20Kg和89.84Kg;粪便排泄量减少1.37t和1.41t;N降低3.71kg和17.50kg;P减少2.59kg和4.07kg,比TMR1FCM提高10.54%（P〈0.05）;乳脂率增加9.67%（P〈0.05）;乳糖增加7.26%（P〈0.05）,能减少奶牛对土壤水源及空气的污染,提高奶牛的生态效益和经济效益。     

猪CD4分子的全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

CD4分子为动物辅助性T细胞（TH）和部分胸腺细胞的共受体与信号传导分子，参与TCR介导的TH细胞活化和胸腺细胞分化过程。本研究应用RT-PCR和RACE技术从猪胸腺细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了猪CD4全长cDNA序列，并进行了序列特性分析。序列分析结果表明，在猪胸腺细胞和外周血淋巴细胞中存在2种方式剪接的CD4 mRNA转录本，其中一种mRNA转录本缺失编码40个氨基酸残基的120nt序列，提示该转录本可能编码猪分泌型CD4分子；猪CD4全长cDNA序列为2715nt。其中5′非编码区159nt，3′非编码区1183nt，1374nt的开放阅读框编码457个氨基酸的猪CD4前体蛋白（含4个糖基化住点）；猪CD4分子的7个Cys残基（Cys^43、Cys^122、Cys^327、Cys^418、Cys^421、Cys^444和Cys^446）和2个Ser残基（Ser^432和Ser^439）在动物种间保守；在猪CD4分子胞浆区．存在高度保守的Src家族蛋白酪氨酸激酶p56^kk。识别位点KKTCQC和内化相关双亮氨酸基序。推导氨基酸序列分析结果显示，猪与人、免、猫、狗和鼠CD4蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为56．0％，54．5％。56．9％，56．5％和44．9％。     

两种盐胁迫对苦楝幼苗光合特性的影响

以一年生苦楝实生苗为试材,采用温室盆栽方式,用浓度为0%(CK)、0.2%、0.4%与0.6%的Na2SO4和Na2CO3溶液分别对幼苗进行胁迫处理21 d,比较了2种盐胁迫下幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的变化和差异。结果表明:0.2%盐浓度对Pn、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qP和NPQ没有显著影响,0.6%盐浓度则影响显著。同时,各浓度盐处理对Chl a、Chl b、Chl(a+b)、Chl a/b、Fo和Fm没有显著影响。2种盐处理对苦楝幼苗叶绿素含量没有显著影响;Na2CO3胁迫通过非气孔限制引起Pn下降,而Na2SO4引起Pn下降分别为0.2%处理时是气孔限制,0.4%和0.6%处理时是非气孔限制;幼苗光合作用和光合机构对0.2%浓度胁迫有较强耐性,对0.6%浓度胁迫耐性较弱;同时,碱性盐Na2CO3胁迫对苦楝光合作用的影响整体大于中性盐Na2SO4。     

大青叶中4（3H）喹唑酮体外抗H1N1型流感病毒的作用研究

目的：探讨大青叶中4（3H）喹唑酮体外抗H1N1型流感病毒的作用。方法：用MTT染色法测定大青叶中4（3H）喹唑酮通过不同加药方式对H1N1型流感病毒的体外抑制作用。结果：大青叶中4（3H）喹唑酮对H1N1型流感病毒具有明显的阻断作用和对细胞内病毒有抑制作用。结论：大青叶中4（3H）喹唑酮具有明显的体外阻止H1N1型流感病毒吸附到靶细胞和抑制H1N1型流感病毒增殖的作用。     

Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Stress Environment

Plants display an array of classical strategies to maximize phosphate (Pi) acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources. Acclimation to Pi-stress via elegant Pi-starvation induced (PSI) adjustments would reduce our current overreliance on expensive, polluting and non-renewable Pi-fertilizers. Nevertheless, differences in the ability of various species to solubilize sparingly soluble P-sources have been often evidenced; inter-cultivar variations are scarcely documented. Brassica is known as an effective, non-mycorrhizal user of sparingly soluble P-sources. Various growth parameters and biomass accumulation by genetically diverse Brassica cultivars were determined in four experiments using hydroponics and quartz sand culture media. Role of PSI root mediated pH changes, organic anions (OAs) exudation and altered root architecture in mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-forms [Jordan rock-P (RP) at 2 g l⁻¹ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (TCP) at 0.2 g l⁻¹ respectively] was investigated. Cultivars showed considerable genetic variations in biomass accumulation, various growth parameters and root–shoot ratio. Concentration and total uptake of P, specific absorption rate of P, P-transport rate and P-utilization efficiency (PUE) were also significantly (P < 0.001) different for various cultivars and their dry matter was significantly correlated with P-uptake [r = 0.94** (significant at 1% level)]. P-tolerant cultivars showed substantial decrease in solution media pH because of H⁺ efflux and exuded more carboxylates than low P-sensitive cultivars under P-starvation. P-uptake by cultivars increased linearly with decreasing pH. The amount and types of OAs exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient environment. In split pot study, with TCP and RP supplied spatially separated from other nutrients, efficient cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently than inefficient cultivars. In rhizobox study, the elongation rates of primary roots decreased but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots and the length of lateral roots increased under P-starvation. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in accessing, mobilization, acquisition and utilization of Pi from sparingly soluble P forms. An arrange marriage of plant traits can explain cultivar’s access to different forms of sparingly soluble P, and in addition to altered lateral root topology and enhanced P-uptake and PUE, enhanced H⁺ efflux and OAs exudation are key factors in Pi scavenging from extra cellular sparingly soluble P-forms.