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1.
岩溶流域典型农业区水体氢氧同位素的空间异质性及形成机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别于平水期和枯水期采集了花溪河流域典型农业区地表水和地下水样品。利用氢氧同位素示踪技术,结合土地利用类型对研究区不同水体的补给来源、季节变化及主要影响过程进行了分析,并对不同水体氢氧同位素值进行了空间插值分析,同时对其形成机制进行了分析,阐明了不同土地利用类型影响下的主要水文过程。结果表明:(1)研究区不同水体的主要补给来源为当地大气降水,月亮湖水库受蒸发作用影响明显,地表水和地下水的δD和δ~(18)O整体上呈现平水期高于枯水期的特征。(2)地下水的δD和δ~(18)O在枯水期与平水期均呈现明显的空间分异性特征,西部水田/水库集中区富集,东部旱地集中区贫化,土地利用对研究区环境水文过程影响明显。该研究结果有助于了解不同土地利用方式下地表水对地下水的影响,为流域管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
面向养殖水体,传统光谱法对化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)检测模型构建的基础:源域(现有样本库)与目标域(检测地水体)间光谱数据独立同分布。但是当源域与目标域分布间存在差异时,由源域得到的低误差模型常在目标域上表现下滑。针对该问题,提出面向UV Vis光谱的域对抗训练网络(DAUVwpNet),将分布不同的源域和目标域数据映射至相同分布的特征空间中,使其在该空间的分布距离尽可能接近,从而在特征空间中对源域训练的目标函数也可以迁移至目标域上,以降低模型在目标域的误差。试验表明:面向同一批测试数据,DAUVwpNet的预测误差为0.78,要低于传统模型的预测误差(0.85);DAUVwpNet预测值与实测值间相关系数为0.95,要高于传统模型的相关系数(0.89)。表明了该网络能够较好对齐两域特征空间数据分布,降低因分布差异带来的COD检测误差。 相似文献
3.
Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity 下载免费PDF全文
Peter M. Kiffney Ben Cram Paul L. Faulds Karl Burton Michele Koehler Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053
To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance. 相似文献
4.
5.
Landscape modeling requires the delineation of system boundaries and interior features. Quite often, these components are
complex and difficult to accurately represent. A rectangular grid is used to represent the study and adjacent non-study areas
in most cases. When the non-study area occupies a large portion of the grid, computer memory is wasted, and computational
time increases. An elliptical grid generator for non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is used to generate a boundary-fitted
grid for a landscape model. In a boundary-fitted grid coordinate system, one coordinate axis follows the landscape domain
boundary and is non-orthogonal to the second axis. The boundary-fitted grid uses elliptic partial differential equations to
distribute grid points inside the landscape domain. Although the boundary-fitted grid follows the domain boundary, the grid
pattern and point allocation remain structured. Thus, a landscape model can use a boundary-fitted grid without changing the
model’s data structure or the computational scheme. In this study, a boundary-fitted grid and a raster-based grid were applied
to the Everglades Landscape Fire Model. Use of the boundary-fitted grid decreased model simulation time by about one fifth
and computer storage by 58% relative to the raster-based grid. Also, the linear characteristics of interior geographical features
such as rivers and airboat trails were preserved by the boundary-fitted grid, but not by the raster-based grid. This preservation
provided a more reasonable base map for simulating ecological processes, such as fire across heterogenous landscapes. 相似文献
6.
In a companion paper we derived the correct analysis for gerechte designs with uncorrected errors. Here we show that this correct analysis cannot be justified by the usual randomization argument. However, when the regions are rectangular there is a randomization procedure which validates an analysis with three separate error terms. We also outline other developments in design and analysis that may be more satisfactory. 相似文献
7.
CIDR、PMSG、FSH联合使用对初产供体羊Borderdale(波德代)3♂15♀、Poll Dorset(无角陶赛特)5♂18♀和Ger-man Mutton Merino(德国肉毛兼用美利奴—德美)3♂15♀进行同期发情和超数排卵。同期化发情波德代、无角陶赛特和德美分别为100.00%、88.89%和93.33%,羊只同期化发情时间经历和各时间点分布3个品种各有特点。超数排卵效果品种间存在差异,波德代、无角陶赛特、德美分别为6.60±2.97(枚)、3.63±2.25(枚)、5.50±3.32(枚),波德代极显著地高于无角陶赛特(P<0.01)。超排有效率波德代、无角陶赛特、德美分别为100.00%、87.50%、92.86%。未受精卵波德代极显著地高于德美羊和无角陶赛特羊(P<0.01)。胚胎总数德美羊极显著地高于波德代(P<0.01)。有效胚胎波德代羊、无角陶赛特羊、德美羊分别为2.40±2.31、2.75±2.05、4.07±3.79,德美极显著地高于波德代(P<0.01)。同一方法进行同期化发情,羊只经历时间和各时间点均衡分布能否有效控制是同期发情的焦点问题,是有效胚胎数目差异的主导因素之一。 相似文献
8.
杉木扁长蝽若虫空间分布型的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用聚集度指标检验法、回归分析法研究了杉木扁长蝽若虫的空间分布型。结果表明:在不同林地、不同虫口密度情况下,均呈聚集分布。若虫的聚集与栖息生境有直接关系。 相似文献
9.
The structure of Aspergillus flavus communities associated with south Texas cottonseed was determined by analysing samples from 178 truckloads of commercial cottonseed from 35 gins, extending from Fort Bend County in the north to the Rio Grande Valley in the south, from September 1999 to October 2001. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) of A. flavus on the cottonseed, and the percentage of S strain (%S) were both correlated with aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The number of CFU differed between both regions and seasons, while %S differed only between regions. Comparison of maps of CFU and %S revealed that CFU shows a higher variation across years, while %S shows higher spatial variation. The Rio Grande Valley had significantly lower CFU and %S strain than the Coastal Bend and Upper Coast regions. Cottonseed produced in 1999 had significantly more A. flavus than that produced in either 2000 or 2001. Identification of factors dictating geographical variation in S-strain incidence may provide insights that will lead to improved aflatoxin management. 相似文献
10.
采用颍次分布X~2检验、Iwao平均拥挤度m~*=a+βx和Taylor幂法则S~2=am~b等8种方法,分析了七块麦田中七星瓢虫幼虫的空间分布型,认为其分布型为负二项分布,且聚集的原因是由于个体之间存在着相互吸引,并确定了代表性较强的棋盘式抽样技术,最佳抽样数量为:Q=28.7088/+0.7552。 相似文献