Mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments for lettuce and carrot

Mid-storage hydration-dehydration treatments with medium-vigour lettuce seed very effectively reduced physiological deterioration in storage and ultimately showed better field emergence and final yield. Soaking-drying treatment of high-vigour lettuce seed was not effective. Pre-sowing treatment of medium-vigour lettuce seed, though less effective than mid-storage treatment, gave better field performance, but high-vigour seed did not benefit from the treatment. For carrot, both mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments proved beneficial, with the former showing better performance than the latter. Unlike lettuce, well-preserved carrot seed responded positively to the pre-sowing treatment.     

The Effect of Detopping the Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and Lack of the Pod Setting on the Symbiosis with Root Nodule Bacteria

The plants of field bean var. Nadwiślaνski were detopped after about 1 month since the beginning of flowering and after that all flower buds were removed from some plants. The effect of a change in the trophic balance on the setting and subsequent growth of root nodules was studied.
The removal of pods had the greater effect on the increase in the weight of the remaining organs than the detopping of plants. Detopping retarded the ageing of the plants and delayed the phase of the greatest reduction of the number of pods. The detopping of plants revealed their considerable compensative possibilities in terms of production of the pod weight and the potential of leaves for biomass production. The data obtained indicate that plant detopping may disturb the root–bacteria exchange of signals, necessary to initiate the nodule development, while the further growth of nodules depends, above all, on the amount of available photosynthates.
A very high correlation between the dry weight of the whole plant to the dry weight of leaves ratio and the weight of nodules was observed. It proves the importance of the trophic balance of the plant for the root nodule weight production.     

不同水分条件下椰壳炭施用对稻田土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响

以热带稻田土壤为研究对象,利用室内短期恒温(25°C)培养探讨好氧和淹水条件下椰壳炭不同施用量(0%、2%和5%(w/w))对土壤性质和微生物群落的影响。结果表明：①培养35 d后,好氧和淹水条件下增施2% 和5% 椰壳炭均提升土壤pH,增幅分别为20%、39%和31%、32%。好氧下土壤脲酶活性增加121% 和75%,酸性磷酸酶活性降低10% 和49%,碱性磷酸酶活性提高39% 和39%;淹水下脲酶活性减少12% 和45%,酸性磷酸酶活性降低3% 和14%,碱性磷酸酶活性增加133% 和105%。②增施2% 和5% 椰壳炭时,好氧下土壤细菌和真菌香农指数均降低,但淹水时增加。好氧下变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)丰度提高,增幅分别为2%、54%,51%、47% 和94%、82%;淹水下酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度增加,增幅分别为3%、20%,14%、18% 和38%、37%;同时好氧和淹水下土壤担子菌门(Basidiomycota)丰度均下降,降幅分别为68%、70% 和68%、76%,并且淹水下壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)和罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)丰度增加。该研究结果可为椰壳炭对稻田土壤改良及其推广应用提供参考。     

刺拐棒(短梗五加)露地栽培及反季节生产技术

利用有性繁殖和无性繁殖技术大量生产刺拐棒优质种苗,进行露地栽培和反季节生产,在保护野生资源的同时创造出可观的经济效益。     

秸秆连续还田对苏打盐碱水稻土养分及真菌群落的影响

为探明水稻秸秆长期还田对苏打盐碱土养分状况以及土壤真菌群落结构的影响,采用盆栽试验,设置0(CK)、3.0(RS1)、7.5(RS2)、12.0(RS3)、16.5(RS4)t·hm-25个梯度秸秆还田量,于连续还田5 a后测定土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效养分含量以及真菌的相对丰度、Alpha多样性和群...     

水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌装置设计与试验

为解决南方水稻工厂化田间育秧水肥药人工管理作业中存在的灌溉均匀性差、化肥和农药浪费以及劳动强度大等问题,该研究设计了一种水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌装置,阐述了水肥药变量喷灌装置总体结构和工作原理,进行了关键部件设计与试验;以可编程逻辑控制器（programmable logic controller,PLC）为控制核心,构建了注肥量在线调控及整机变量喷灌控制系统。采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,对装置喷灌均匀性与主要影响因素进行试验研究,应用单目标优化方法对喷灌关键参数进行优化,并通过验证试验,得到最优参数组合为：干管入口水压0.20 MPa、球阀开度90°、喷头喷角80°,此时装置的喷灌均匀性为92.69%;构建了氯化钾肥液质量浓度与电导率（electrical conductance,EC）值的线性模型,开展了装置变量灌溉施肥性能试验,3种喷灌等级下各作业区的肥液EC值分别为1.65、1.66和1.68 mS/cm,平均喷灌强度分别为900.85、1092.04和1263.67 mm/h,施肥均匀系数分别为85.21%、87.86%和91.62%。采用水肥药变量喷灌装置开展水稻育秧田间管理试验,华航51常规稻和广8优165杂交稻的秧苗长势均匀度均高于95%,成毯性良好,各项素质指标满足机插作业要求。所设计的水肥药变量喷灌装置能够满足水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌作业要求,对提高水稻工厂化田间育秧机械化水平、保证秧苗质量具有实际应用价值。     

稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯的效果及技术

宜昌市于2007秋在枝江市示范种植稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯36.67 hm2举办核心示范样板3.33 hm2.平均每公顷产鲜薯19695 kg、纯收入19997.4元,整个示范区平均每公顷纯收入15000元以上,其主要栽培要点是备好种薯、适时播种、施足底肥、保证密度、盖好稻草、精心田管、搞好化调.     

红薯稻田高产栽培技术模式

选用优质高产红薯品种超然966,研究在湘南气候条件下不同时期、不同密度、不同薯苗稻田种植的产量效应。结果表明,超然966在湘南地区稻田栽培选用上段苗或营养钵苗、密度每公顷5．7万株左右、5月上旬种植可获得较高产量。     

进水流速对圆形循环水养殖池流场特性影响的数值模拟

通过对工厂化循环水养殖进水流速的智能调控,可降低饵料残留,避免水质恶化。为此,本研究采用数值模拟方法探究了进水流速对工厂化循环水养殖池流场特性的影响,并基于该研究设计出一套确定进水流速调控的实验方法。首先,通过对比Standard k-ε、RNG k-ε和Realizable k-ε 3种湍流模型及多种壁面函数的仿真效果,确定RNG k-ε模型和标准壁面函数作为仿真配置。同时,针对多相流模型,对欧拉多相流模型和DPM离散相模型进行对比,为提高计算准确性选用DPM离散相模型,并基于上述模型进行网格无关性验证、制定网格划分方案。其次,以大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)养殖为例,模拟不同进水流速下养殖池流场、排污和水温调节的效果。最后,针对仿真结果提出进水流速调控方案。结果显示,日常采用1.0 m/s的进水流速,可有效提高适宜流速区面积并控制水处理成本;投饵前,采用0.2 m/s的进水流速可以解决循环水养殖中存在的饵料浪费问题;进食结束后,采用1.2 m/s的进水流速可快速排出残饵避免水质恶化;水温异常时,采用15 ℃的水、以1.2 m/s的进水流速注水230 s,可使20 ℃的水下降到正常水平,精准化控制水温。采用本研究提出的方法,可针对不同养殖生物和养殖环境设计进水流速智能调控策略,可用于解决循环水养殖过程中饵料浪费、水质变差和水温异常等问题。     

74.7%农民乐防除休闲耕地杂草试验研究

采用农民乐防除休闲地杂草,结果表明,74.7%农民乐对苣荬菜的防除适宜剂量为1 500g.hm-2;对野胡萝卜为750—1 050g.hm-2;赖草、硬枝早熟禾为2 250g.hm-2;对西伯利亚蓼、三脉紫菀、茵陈蒿为3 000g.hm-2。