Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum

The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, from both marine and terrestrial environments, has attracted considerable attention. T. harzianum has a tremendous potential to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which are an important source of new herbicides and antibiotics. This review prioritizes the SMs of T. harzianum from 1988 to June 2022, and their relevant biological activities. Marine-derived SMs, especially terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides compounds, occupy a significant proportion of natural products from T. harzianum, deserving more of our attention.     

一种生物病虫害控制模型的进化算法处理

为控制蘑菇种植过程中尖眼蕈蚊数量,利用线虫和尖眼蕈蚊数量变化的动态关系模型,应用分布估计算法对控制干涉次数和控制数量进行优化处理,将其与遗传算法结果进行比较.结果表明:该算法在控制次数略有增加情况下,可以取得较小目标函数值,并且算法稳定收敛,该结果可以作为一种理想的控制优化方案.分布估计算法可以用来处理此类动态关系模型的优化问题.     

Sulfur-Containing Metabolites from Marine and Terrestrial Fungal Sources: Origin,Structures, and Bioactivities

Organosulfur natural products (NPs) refer to the different kinds of small molecular-containing sulfur (S) elements. Sulfur-containing NPs tightly link to the biochemical processes and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of S-containing NPs are generally isolated from Alliaceae plants or bacteria, and those from fungi are still relatively rare. In recent years, an increasing number of S-containing metabolites have been discovered in marine and terrestrial fungi, but there is no comprehensive and targeted review to summarize the studies. In order to make it more straightforward to better grasp the fungal-derived S-containing NPs and understand the particularity of marine S-containing NPs compared to those from terrestrial fungi, we summarized the chemical structures and biological activities of 89 new fungal-derived S-containing metabolites from 1929 when the penicillin was discovered to the present in this current review. The structural and bioactive diversity of these S-containing metabolites were concluded in detail, and the preliminary mechanism for C-S bond formation in fungi was also discussed briefly.     

粉状防老剂4010NA 对 NR胶料的防护性能

研究了粉状防老剂4010NA与普通防老剂4010NA对NR胶料的硫化特性、自由状态下的热氧老化防护性能及耐水抽出性的影响。结果表明,粉状防老剂4010NA对NR胶料硫化特性的影响与普通防老剂4010NA相近;对NR胶料热氧老化的防护性能的影响：在拉伸强度方面,粉状防老剂4010NA与普通防老剂4010NA相似;当用量较低和老化时间较短时。在撕裂强度方面,粉状防老剂4010NA稍差于普通防老剂4010NA,但用量较高及老化时间较长时,效果则相反;在扯断伸长率方面,粉状防老剂4010NA好于普通4010NA。同时,粉状防老剂4010NA的耐水抽出性较普通防老剂4010NA的好。在NR胶料中粉状防老剂4010NA用量以1～3份为宜。     

易门县森林火灾预防与扑救方法探讨

根据易门林区自然条件和火灾发生情况,对预防和扑救中存在的问题、火源管理等方面进行分析,并对森林火灾预防和扑救方法作一些探讨.     

蚜虫性信息素

蚜虫报警信息素 [(E)-β-farnesene,简称EBF] 是蚜虫腹管分泌的一种物质,它能对同种其他个体产生报警反应,使其迅速逃离危险现场。作为天然蚜虫信息素,EBF通过蚜虫嗅觉系统的气味结合蛋白OBPs和嗅觉受体ORs发挥作用,具有驱避、杀蚜、增效等多种生物活性,可用于蚜虫的行为调控,但由于其结构中存在的共轭双键而导致其稳定性差,从而限制了其实际应用。本文在简介蚜虫报警信息素EBF的基础上,系统介绍了EBF的结构修饰和改造进展,并对EBF及其类似物的生物活性和作用机制进行了综述,最后对EBF及其类似物的应用前景进行了展望,期望为开发具有实用价值的生态友好型蚜虫控制剂提供参考。     

Efficacy of Different Control Methods Applied Separately and in Combination in Managing Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Common Beans

Investigations on the efficacy of various methods of managing root-knot nematodes in microplots and under field conditions revealed that soil solarization, Furadan 5G and Tagetes erecta applied separately or in combination with other control methods, were the most effective in reducing the numbers of three root-knot nematodes, and root gall and egg mass indices. These management methods also resulted in significant increases (P0.05) in number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight, and increased seed yield by up to 96.7 percent. Farmyard manure and Crotalaria ochroleuca were the least effective treatments. The use of T. erecta was the most economical root-knot nematode control method.     

世博园草坪病虫害综合治理技术研究

通过对世博园内草坪病虫害的调查和有关综合治理技术的研究，提出对庆的防治技术措施。     

Stability Contrast of Landslide Disaster After Repeating Control

Xiang-jiapo landslide,which consists of shallow layer,middle layer and deep layer,is a multi-landslide with several layers.Influenced by geological condition and rainfall,it have not obtained good effect even after three-time control.Because the distortion of landslide increase so fast, the government planed to control the landslide for the forth time.Based on monitoring data of the landslide movement,the paper make a constrast analysis of 3D numerical simulation's calculating between the formal control and the forth time control by a non-linear finite elements programm ABAQUS.Both results of numerical simulation and monitoring indicate that the forth time control have achieved good effect.     

Toxicity of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to adult females of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) is a natural component of soil flora world-wide and is a causal agent of the green muscardine diseases of insects. The use of this pathogen as a potential biocontrol agent against adult females of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was considered. The blowfly L sericata is an economically important agent of cutaneous myiasis of sheep, particularly in northern Europe. Exposure of flies to suspensions of fungal spores by immersion, topical application or tarsal contact with treated surfaces all resulted in high levels of fatal infection. Spores suspended in silicone oil resulted in higher levels of infection (50-70%) than those formulated in a 0.3 glitre(-1) solution of the detergent Tween 80 (10-20%). Spore concentration had a significant effect on levels of infection of flies, with the highest levels of mortality (64%) resulting from a suspension of 1 x 10(7) conidia ml(-1). The duration of tarsal contact had a significant effect on levels of infection. Mean infection levels of 30% were observed following exposure of free-flying adults to a single spore-treated, 5 x 15 cm2 cloth surface suspended from the roof of a cage (30 cm cube). The implications of the results for the potential use of M anisopliae in the biocontrol of blowflies are discussed.