Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.): A Potential Feed Legume Crop for Dry Areas in West Asia

Provision of feed supplies for the rapidly growing livestock population is essential in West Asia. Shortages can be alleviated by growing forage crops in the existing fallow lands.
Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) is a leguminous species with high yield potential, drought tolerance and cold resistance. It could be used for grain and straw production as source for animal feed in dry areas. It is good source of protein with seeds contain 28 % protein yielding 364 kg per hectare protein, whilst straw contains 9 % protein and yields a similar amounts of digestible protein per hectare.
Nine promising lines of Narbon vetch developed at ICARDA were tested at two sites over four years under rainfed conditions. Since climatic conditions were considered to be of considerable importance, each site in each year was treated as a separate environment to give eight environments with annual rainfall varied from 195 to 504 mm.
Narbon vetch possessed high seedling vigour with rapid winter growth and negligible cold damage. Grain yield varied form 0.47 to 1.90 t/ha, with a harvest index varying from 30 to 40 %. The data indicated that below 300 mm rainfall the grain yield varied from 0.47 t/ha when rain fall was 195 mm to 1.4 t/ha when rainfall was 245 mm. Most of the lines had wide adaptation to dry areas in terms of both grain yield and stability. Climate, except early spring rains had little effect on biological and grain yields.     

冷态鼓泡流化床中木屑流化速度的研究

冷态条件下,在鼓泡流化床中采用木屑为原料,分布板在 2%～4% 不同开孔率的条件下,分别考察了原料粒径和床层高度对木屑流化速度的影响.得出结论:分布板压降和流速成二次函数关系;以木屑为原料,分布板开孔率和床层高度对临界液化速度的影响不大,粒径分布对临界流化速度随粒径的增大而增加.     

食品安全与食品低温流通中的温度监控

食品的温度监控是一种有效的保证食品安全及保持冷藏链完整的手段,对冷冻冷藏食品在低温流通过程中实行温度监控是非常有必要的。目前,我国冷藏运输中的温度管理情况并不乐观,消费者获得的货物通常不能达到预计的要求。要解决这一问题,必须要借助于时间-温度指示器等来对其整个运输过程进行温度监控。本文对温度立法的必然性和前景,温度监控的重要性、原理以及在冷藏运输中的应用作了较详尽的介绍,并列举了几种国外时间-温度指示器的工作原理。     

大通中高位山旱地区不同配置模式退耕还林地物种多样性研究

对大通县退耕还林中高位山旱地不同配置模式群落物种多样性进行研究。结果表明:不同配置模式的群落物种多样性指标的变化规律明显不同,多样性指数排序为模式H(白桦 青海云杉)>模式J(青杨 中国沙棘)>模式G(华北落叶松)>模式F(青海云杉)>模式K(青海云杉 中国沙棘)。     

农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平评价及障碍度分析

推动冷链物流高质量发展,对减少农产品产后损失、扩大消费品优质供给、保障食品安全有重要作用。基于我国2012-2021年统计数据,构建了包括经济基础、物流发展、冷链运营、开放创新、绿色协调5个一级指标及21个二级指标的农产品冷链物流高质量发展评价指标体系,利用熵值法确定各指标的权重,综合评价指数确定得分水平,借助障碍度模型分析发展障碍因子。结果显示：我国农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平总体呈上升趋势且增速较快,到2021年水平值达到0.85,是初始状态的近13倍,其中开放创新水平的贡献度最高;阻碍高质量发展的障碍因素在2017年之前为开放创新水平,之后则是绿色协调水平。为进一步提高我国农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平,需要充分利用国内外两个市场、促进产业协同、发展绿色低碳物流。     

天山地形对新疆大风和降温天气作用的数值模拟研究

2009年5月24日夜间～26日夜间,新疆地区自西向东出现了明显的降水、大风、降温天气过程。为研究此次天气过程中天山地形的作用,文中用WRFV3.1模式对其进行了数值模拟,并通过改变天山山脉的地形高度设计了一组敏感性试验,分析了天山地形对此次强天气过程中大风和降温的影响。结果表明,天山山脉地形对准格尔盆地西北部直至天山山脉北侧的气流有明显的阻挡与减缓作用,对三十里风区、百里风区、汗腾格里峰北坡强风带的形成有直接而重要的作用;地形高度越高,产生垂直运动的地形抬升机制越强,地形强迫抬升作用产生的垂直上升运动越剧烈;天山山脉明显地减轻了寒潮天气过程中南疆塔里木盆地的降温幅度,对准格尔盆地北部的寒潮降温幅度也有一定的减缓作用,对塔里木盆地的"保温"作用较准格尔盆地明显。     

The establishment of Taraxacum officinale plants in grassland

Factors involved in the establishment of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) seedlings in grasslands and plant mortality in the first growing season were studied during 2008–2011. The study was conducted at 11 grassland sites that differed in the quantity of seed rain and the intensity of seedling predation by slugs. In April, of each study year, 10 plots open to the sedimentation of naturally dispersed seeds were established at each site, five plots of which were also sown with 250 T. officinale seeds each. The amount of natural seed rain, slug feeding activity and number of plants in each plot were then recorded at monthly intervals. Seed rain and seedling predation accounted for c. 50% of the variation in seedling establishment. Populations of established seedlings then declined through October, at which point they were at 25% of the original abundance on average. The percentage of plants that survived varied among sites and years. The temporal and spatial variation in T. officinale establishment and survival of young plants was enormous, even within a small area. Predation of seedlings by slugs can effectively prevent the establishment of T. officinale in grassland. This only occurred, however, at slug abundances not acceptable under conditions of public access.     

The action of phosphine against the eggs of phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of Rhyzopertha dominica F

The effect of phosphine at exposure periods of 24, 48 and 120 h on hatching and mortality of 0- to 1-day-old eggs of susceptible (TN6) and resistant (FC10) strains of Rhyzopertha dominica of field origin was investigated. The fumigant affected hatching in both the strains. In a 48-h exposure at 27 (+/- 2) degrees C, the LD99 doses for the eggs of TN6 and FC10 were 0.56 and 3.25 mg litre-1, respectively. Significant reduction in hatching was observed in treated batches with progressive increase of phosphine dose in the first 2-3 days. On subsequent days the numbers hatching were often similar to those in controls, and sometimes exceeded control hatch, especially following a 5-day exposure. A critical change in the order of susceptibility of egg and adult stages of the two strains was noticed. In 48-h exposures, eggs of the susceptible strain were more tolerant than their adults, whilst the reverse was true in the resistant strain.     

寒地水稻种质资源萌发期耐冷性鉴定评价

通过人工培养箱模拟低温的方法筛选出寒地水稻萌发期耐冷性鉴定的最适低温,并通过5种指标对黑龙江省76个水稻品种(系)进行了萌发期耐冷性鉴定评价。结果表明,评价寒地水稻发芽期耐冷以10℃发芽势、10℃发芽率、10℃发芽指数值和10℃发芽系数为主要指标较合理。     

寒地水稻品种子粒灌浆特性差异及其对结实率的影响

用 L ogistic生长方程 W =K/ (1+ ae-bt)对寒地水稻品种 (系 )强、弱势子粒灌浆过程进行了分析 ,并依配得的 L ogistic方程导出了若干个子粒灌浆特性参数。结果表明 ,强势粒的起始灌浆量、最大灌浆强度高于弱势粒 ,有效灌浆期比弱势粒短 ,最大灌浆速率出现时间和最大灌浆速率期早于弱势粒。强、弱势粒各项灌浆参数均存在品种间差异。相关分析表明 ,强势粒和弱势粒的最大灌浆速率出现时间早、最大灌浆速率期早、平均灌浆强度高 ,弱势粒起始灌浆量大、最大灌浆速率高 ,强弱势粒同步灌浆性强 ;结实率高 ,寒地超高产水稻品种应适当提早抽穗期 ,从而提早弱势粒最大灌浆速率期 ,保证较高结实率水平