Basic Technology and Recent Trends in Agricultural Formulation and Application Technology

Recent requirements of the pesticide industry have become much severer, and pesticides (formulated products) are required to satisfy higher safety to both human beings and the environment, higher biological efficacy, lower price, and labor-saving. This review explains the outline of basic pesticide formulation technology, followed by recent advances in developing new formulations and application technologies. Labor-saving formulations and application technologies, environmental load reduction technologies, and user-friendly formulations and application technologies are elucidated.     

Complexing the Marine Sesquiterpene Euplotin C by Means of Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges: A Preliminary Investigation

Euplotin C is a sesquiterpene of marine origin endowed with significant anti-microbial and anti-tumor properties. Despite the promising functional profile, its progress as a novel drug candidate has failed so far, due to its scarce solubility and poor stability in aqueous media, such as biological fluids. Therefore, overcoming these limits is an intriguing challenge for the scientific community. In this work, we synthesized β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges and investigated their use as colloidal carriers for stably complex euplotin C. Results obtained proved the ability of the carrier to include the natural compound, showing remarkable values of both loading efficiency and capacity. Moreover, it also allowed us to preserve the chemical structure of the loaded compound, which was recovered unaltered once extracted from the complex. Therefore, the use of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges represents a viable option to vehiculate euplotin C, thus opening up its possible use as pharmacologically active compound.     

北疆牧区牧民定居后的生产经营模式 ——以昌吉市阿什里乡为例

本研究以北疆地区昌吉市阿什里乡的典型牧民定居点为研究对象, 采用问卷调查、入户调查和访谈等方法, 对125户定居牧民家庭进行调查研究。结果表明, 定居后的生产经营模式可分为7种类型, 其中“放牧+养殖奶牛+种植+务工”型生产经营模式的牧户比重最多, 占总牧户的39%, 该模式的牧民人均年收入为最高(11 320.47元·a-1);“放牧+养殖奶牛+种植”型生产经营模式的牧民人均年收入为中等(为9 488.1元·a-1);“养殖奶牛+种植”型生产经营模式的牧民人均年收入为最低(2 674.75元·a-1), 表明牧民人均年收入与经营模式高度相关, 经营模式越多元化, 经济收入越高。通过相关性及逐步回归分析发现, “放牧+养殖奶牛+种植+务工”型生产经营模式的人均年收入与家畜羊单位、人均放牧性投入、人均养殖奶牛业投入之间呈极显著正相关关系, 家畜羊单位头数是该模式中影响人均年收入的最强的关键因素。相关性分析及回归分析结论基本吻合, 充分说明牧民生产投入是提高人均收入的重要因素。     

一种生物病虫害控制模型的进化算法处理

为控制蘑菇种植过程中尖眼蕈蚊数量,利用线虫和尖眼蕈蚊数量变化的动态关系模型,应用分布估计算法对控制干涉次数和控制数量进行优化处理,将其与遗传算法结果进行比较.结果表明:该算法在控制次数略有增加情况下,可以取得较小目标函数值,并且算法稳定收敛,该结果可以作为一种理想的控制优化方案.分布估计算法可以用来处理此类动态关系模型的优化问题.     

ICP-AES测定山药与红薯中的微量元素

目的分析东北不同地区细毛长山药的营养品质和药理活性成分。方法以黑龙江齐齐哈尔、吉林长春和辽宁沈阳的细毛长山药为材料,采用灼烧法和常压干燥法测定其灰分和水分含量;电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定微量元素含量;根据国家标准测定营养物质含量;用高效液相色谱法测定尿囊素的含量,分光光度法测定薯蓣皂苷及总多酚的含量;用水提醇沉工艺进行活性多糖的提取,并计算含量。结果沈阳产山药的水分和灰分含量最低,与长春和齐齐哈尔产山药相比差异显著(P<0.05);沈阳产山药的营养品质最好,药理活性成分含量也最高;其中,沈阳和长春产山药的可溶性总糖和蛋白质含量的平均值均显著高于齐齐哈尔(P<0.05),沈阳产山药的总氨基酸含量平均值也显著高于齐齐哈尔(P<0.05),但与长春相比差异不显著;淀粉和粗脂肪含量均表现为沈阳>长春>齐齐哈尔,但差异均不显著;沈阳产山药的活性多糖、尿囊素、总多酚和薯蓣皂苷含量显著高于长春和齐齐哈尔(P<0.05);微量元素中Fe元素含量在3个地区的差异不显著;沈阳产山药的Mn元素平均含量显著高于齐齐哈尔和长春的平均含量(P<0.05),沈阳和长春产山药的Pb含量显著高于齐齐哈尔(P<0.05)。结论东北这3个地区中沈阳产山药的营养品质和药用保健功能最高,可为东北高寒地区山药的开发利用提供理论参考。     

孑遗植物长苞铁杉 (Tsuga longibracteata) 分布格局对未来气候变化的响应

研究绢毛相思的染色体数目及核型。绢毛相思体细胞染色体数目是2n=4x=52,为四倍体。其核型组成为K(2n)=52=44m+4sm+4st;染色体长度均在2μm以下,为小染色体。     

易门县森林火灾预防与扑救方法探讨

根据易门林区自然条件和火灾发生情况,对预防和扑救中存在的问题、火源管理等方面进行分析,并对森林火灾预防和扑救方法作一些探讨.     

Hydrological and water cycle processes of inland river basins in the arid region of Northwest China

The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oasis ecosystem. This paper summarizes the hydrological processes and water cycle of inland river basins in the ARNC, focusing on the following aspects: the spatial-temporal features of water resources(including air water vapor resources, runoff, and glacial meltwater) and their driving forces; the characteristics of streamflow composition in the inland river basins; the characteristics and main controlling factors of baseflow in the inland rivers; and anticipated future changes in hydrological processes and water resources. The results indicate that:(1) although the runoff in most inland rivers in the ARNC showed a significant increasing trend, both the glaciated area and glacial ice reserves have been reduced in the mountains;(2) snow melt and glacier melt are extremely important hydrological processes in the ARNC, especially in the Kunlun and Tianshan mountains;(3) baseflow in the inland rivers of the ARNC is the result of climate change and human activities, with the main driving factors being the reduction in forest area and the over-exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the river basins; and(4) the contradictions among water resources, ecology and economy will further increase in the future. The findings of this study might also help strengthen the ecological, economic and social sustainable development in the study region.