伞形科药用植物组织培养的研究进展

论述了伞形科药用植物利用组培技术在快繁、脱毒、种质保存、遗传改良和生产次生代谢物质等方面所取得的成果,分析了存在的主要问题,对其未来发展趋势提出了见解。     

几种伞形科中药浸出液对白灵菇菌丝生长的影响

从菌丝体的生长速度和生长势等方面,探讨了4种伞形科中药阿魏、防风、柴胡、前胡的浸出液对白灵菇K3菌丝生长发育的影响。结果表明:适当浓度的4种中药浸出液都能促进白灵菇菌丝的生长发育,促进白灵菇菌丝生长的阿魏、防风、柴胡和前胡浸出液的最佳浓度分别是20、201、5和15 g/L。     

Pimpinella anisoides Briganti

Pimpinella anisoides Briganti is newly reported as a minor crop plant from Basilicata, South Italy. It is used in some parts of this region particularly for flavouring traditional pastries.     

Notes on neglected and underutilized crops Current taxonomical overview of cultivated plants in the families Umbelliferae and Labiatae

A comprehensive list is given of cultivated plants in the families Umbelliferae and Labiatae. Major uses are indicated for every species by commodity groups. Numerous neglected and underutilized crops interesting for breeding activities in the future are included in this overview as well as many lesser known possibilities of utilization.     

伞形科根茎类药用植物早期抽薹的研究进展

通过简述伞形科根茎类药用植物发生早期抽薹现象的过程,明确伞形科根茎类药用植物发生早期抽薹的原因和影响因素,推测早期抽薹与某些调控开花的基因表达能力有关。另外,认为植物体内激素合成在一定程度上能够调节早期抽薹现象的发生。植物内源激素的合成、代谢、信号传导等过程特定基因发生差异性表达导致植物发生早期抽薹现象。提出可以从植物内源激素分子基因层面及激素作用机理出发,通过改变伞形科根茎类药用植物生长条件或施加外源性激素等人工手段有效抑制早薹率,这将对提高药用产量和品质有重要意义。     

The Identification and Exploitation of Resistance in Carrots and Wild Umbelliferae to the Carrot Fly, Psila rosae (F.)

Partial plant resistance to the carrot fly, Psila rosae, has been identified in several Nantes varieties of carrot, Daucus carota, which reduces larval damage to the roots and the number of pupae remaining in the soil after cropping by 50%. The resistance of the Nantes variety 'Sytan' was found to be consistent at 12 sites in 5 European countries over two seasons. The resistance has been shown to be based on antibiosis and correlated with concentrations of chlorogenic acid in the roots. The resistance complements cultural and chemical methods for controlling P. rosae. Thus, in field experiments over two seasons it was shown that carrots could be left in the ground for a longer period providing a greater sowing/harvesting interval with a resistant variety than a susceptible one because of the reduction in damage and the delayed development of insects on the resistant variety. In two seasons at two sites a partially-resistant variety required only one-third of the dose of insecticide to provide a marketable crop compared with a susceptible carrot variety. In a breeding programme involving the variety 'Sytan', male sterile lines, inbreds and selections with improved levels of resistance were developed. Much higher levels of resistance were identified in certain wild Daucus species and 15 years of crossing and selection produced lines with significantly higher levels of resistance than exists in the variety 'Sytan'. A range of resistant carrot material bred at Horticulture Research International has been released to seed companies for use in the production of improved carrot varieties. The partially-resistant variety 'Flyaway' was made available to amateur gardeners in 1993 and to commercial growers in 1995 as a result of this research.     

13种芳香植物挥发性萜类化合物比较研究

结合气相色谱−质谱连用（GC−MS）技术,使用正己烷萃取法对唇形科、菊科、芸香科和伞形科中选取的13种芳香植物的萜类组分进行定性和定量分析;利用统计学比较不同科中挥发性萜类的组成多样性以及成分差异。结果表明：13种植物材料中共有56种挥发性萜类化合物,其中唇形科最多（40种）,菊科其次（35种）,伞形科和芸香科含量较少。唇形科中鉴定到挥发性萜类的含量最高,其中倍半萜类组分显著低于单萜类组分;菊科中检测到的倍半萜氧化物含量相对较高,1−石竹烯是唇形科和菊科芳香植物所共有的成分;芳香植物所含的挥发性萜类化合物成分不同,种类也因物种而异。唇形科芳香植物最适宜作为提取挥发性萜类的材料,菊科芳香植物适宜作为倍半萜氧化物成分的提取材料。本研究可为相异植物材料活性组分的有效使用和科学开发及植物萜类的深入研究提供参考。     

五种伞形科中草药乙醇提取物对淡色库蚊的控制作用

研究了5种伞形科植物蛇床、防风、当归、紫花前胡和白芷对淡色库蚊幼虫和成虫的生物活性，采用浸渍法测定了样品乙醇提取物对蚊幼虫的杀伤作用，采用三角瓶法测定了样品乙醇提取物对蚊成虫的熏蒸作用。结果表明，5种伞形科中草药的乙醇粗提物对淡色库蚊幼虫和成虫的杀伤效应不同：蛇床子的乙醇粗提物对淡色库蚊幼虫的毒杀效果最佳（24h的LC90为49．886mg／L），白芷的乙醇粗提物对淡色库蚊成虫的熏蒸效果最佳（KT90为23．271min）。     

皖南山区伞形科野生药用植物资源及永续利用

伞形科植物因药用和食用种类多而被重视。皖南山区有伞形科野生药用植物28种2变种1变型,多数种类开发利用不够。对皖南山区该科野生药用植物资源的现状进行了分析,对永续利用提出了建议,期望能给山区农民致富提供依据。     

崆峒山伞形科药用植物调查

调查表明,崆峒山有伞形科植物15属,18种,1个变种。其中药用植物15种,药用植物中被《全国中草药汇编》收录的有11种,按其药用功效可分为12类。