非自然越夏区小麦白粉病模拟鉴定病圃

作者于1990～1995年根据陕西省关中麦区小麦白粉病侵染循环特点,人工模拟自然发病条件,在非自然越夏区杨陵(省农科院试验地)成功地建立起白粉病菌可周年存活,且秋、春季均能充分诱发感染的混合菌系病圃,宜对小麦种质材料进行全生育期抗白粉病鉴定。利用该病圃已对陕西省1000余份小麦品种(系)及部分国内外抗源亲本材料做了抗病性鉴定和利用评价。     

Genomewide association study reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with resistance towards Septoria tritici blotch in North European winter wheat

Fungal diseases are a major constraint for wheat production. Effective disease resistance is essential for ensuring a high production quality and yield. One of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat is Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which influences wheat production across the world. In this study, genomewide association mapping was used to identify new chromosomal regions on the wheat genome conferring effective resistance towards STB. A winter wheat population of 164 North European varieties and breeding lines was genotyped with 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat array. The varieties were evaluated for STB in field trials at three locations in Denmark and across 3 years. The association analysis revealed four quantitative trait loci, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 5D and 7A, highly associated with STB resistance. By comparing varieties containing several quantitative trait loci (QTL) with varieties containing none of the found QTL, a significant difference was found in the mean disease score. This indicates that an effective resistance can be obtained by pyramiding several QTL.     

温度与条锈病菌双胁迫下小麦内参基因的选择

 选择合适的内参基因是采用实时定量PCR研究基因表达获得可信数据的关键。以小麦在条锈病菌及温度双因素胁迫为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR评价了CDC、RLI、ACTIN和26S基因的表达情况,采用geNorm和NormFinder软件进行了比较分析。结果表明,小偃6号小麦在常温(15℃±1℃)未接种条锈病菌,以及接种条锈病菌并培育至花斑期分别在高温(20℃±1℃)、变温(20℃到15℃)条件处理中,基因RLI表达不稳定,基因ACTIN在常温条件下以及在条锈病菌及高温处理条件下的表达量相对稳定,但在变温条件下波动较大。表达最稳定的基因是26S,其次是CDC基因,它们可以作为小偃6号-CYR32-温度互作体系中基因表达实时荧光定量PCR研究的内参基因,26S和CDC是最佳内参基因组合。     

新疆伊犁州小麦条锈菌生理小种鉴定及毒性分析

伊犁州是新疆小麦条锈病重灾区, 对该地区开展小麦条锈菌生理小种监测意义重大?本研究通过对2020年采自新疆伊犁4县的149份小麦条锈菌样品进行生理小种监测, 以期明确该地区小麦条锈菌生理小种组成及毒性情况?结果表明, 共监测到28个生理小种, 其中CYR 33?Su 11-1?Su 11-12?CYR 32及CYR 34出现频率较高, 分别为14.09%, 12.75%, 8.05%, 8.05%和7.38%; 水源11类群为优势类群, 出现频率高达44.30%?对抗条锈病基因Yr1?YrA?Yr3?Yr6?YrSu?Yr9的毒性频率均大于70%, 表明这些基因在伊犁州抗性基本丧失?新疆伊犁州4县小麦条锈菌毒性多样性分析显示, Nei’s 遗传多样性指数为0.34, Shannon 信息指数为0.50, 表明伊犁州条锈菌毒性多样性水平较高, 毒性组成丰富; 小麦条锈菌毒性相似系数在0.92~1.00, 其中伊宁县和巩留县的样品遗传距离最近, 察布查尔县与其他3县样品遗传距离最远?因此, 新疆伊犁州地区抗锈育种应以抗CYR 33和Su 11-1为主, 兼顾抗Su 11-12?CYR 32和贵农22类群中其他类型?另外不同县区应合理进行抗病基因布局, 以期实现小麦条锈病的区域间联合防治?     

2002—2014年陕西省小麦条锈菌生理小种变化动态和小麦品种(系)的抗病性

为明确陕西省小麦条锈菌的群体结构、变异动态和新育成小麦品种(系)的抗病性,为病害流行预测、防治以及抗病育种提供依据,本研究于2002—2014年从陕西省8个市(区)的28个县(区)和毗邻的甘肃省、四川省和湖北省部分地区共采集鉴定小麦条锈菌标样2 779份,监测到条锈菌生理小种和致病类型45个,其中,CYR33和CYR32为目前陕西省小麦条锈菌主要流行小种,新致病类型G22-9和G22-14虽然目前出现频率不高,但对贵农系列、92R系列以及Moro均有毒性,且出现频率呈上升趋势。目前小麦条锈菌群体中Hybrid46致病类群和水源11致病类群占绝对优势,这与我国小麦品种抗病基因单一化有较大关系,应加强开发和利用新的、多元化的抗源材料。对2 952份陕西省新育成小麦品种(系)抗病性测试结果表明,其整体抗性水平呈上升趋势。综合条锈菌生理小种监测和抗病性分析结果,目前小麦抗条锈病育种应以抗CYR33和CYR32为主,同时注意对G22-9和G22-14的抗病性研究。     

番茄斑枯病研究概述

文章对番茄斑枯病的研究动态和进展进行了综述,包括番茄斑枯病的病症与识别、生物学信息、流行规律、防治方法、番茄苗期抗性鉴定方法及寄主抗性遗传规律等内容。     

Heading date and resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat not genetically associated

Nineteen cultivars, with large differences in heading date, were evaluated for their response to septoria tritici blotch in two experimental setups in Njoro, Kenya. Due to the more or less constant temperatures during the growing season and the overhead irrigation applied the epidemic conditions were similar over the whole observation period for the early and late cultivars. In experiment 1 the cultivars were assessed for disease severity at the same moment irrespective of the developmental stage, while in experiment 2 the cultivars were assessed at the same developmental stage. Measured at the same time, the disease severity was highest in the early maturing cultivars and lowest in the late maturing cultivars (r = –0.78). When assessed at the same development stage the disease build up was independent of heading date (r = –0.10) but strongly dependent on resistance level. There were no indications that early heading cultivars were more susceptible than late heading cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦抗叶锈近等基因系的利用及评价

本文对以Thatcher为遗传背景的近等基因系间的相似程度及其原因进行了综述,对近等基因系的利用及存在的问题进行了讨论。     

小型植保无人机超低量喷雾对荒漠绿洲麦区小麦白粉病的防治效果

研究小型植保无人机超低量喷雾对小麦白粉病的防治效果,为科学使用小型植保无人机防控小麦病害提供指导。采用随机区组的方法,定点调查各处理小麦白粉病发生情况,评价供试药剂对小麦白粉病的防治效果。结果表明,240 g/L氯氟醚·吡唑酯SC 180 g/hm²、19%啶氧·丙环唑SC 199.50 g/hm²和 23%醚菌·氟环唑 SC 103.50 g/hm²添加增效剂迈飞对小麦白粉病具有较好的防效,防效分别为77.88%、74.23%和 73.26%。42%苯菌酮 SC 189.00 g/hm²、430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂SC 129.00 g/hm²、75%肟菌·戊唑醇 WG 202.50 g/hm²和 40%腈菌唑 WP 120.00 g/hm²添加增效剂迈飞对小麦白粉病防效在60.90%～65.72%之间。7 种药剂均可用于小型植保无人机超低量喷雾防治小麦白粉病,为了减缓抗药性的产生,建议在生产上轮换使用。