基于主要表型性状的不同采集地斑茅种质资源遗传多样性分析

为提高斑茅种质资源利用效率,本研究对来自不同地区的76份斑茅种质资源的株高、茎径、节间长、叶长、叶宽、锤度6个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,来自不同地区的斑茅,6个表型性状平均变异系数在14.6%~53.4%之间,其中株高和节间长的变异系数相对较高,分别为53.4%和37.7%;锤度和叶长的变异系数相对较低,分别为19.1%和14.6%。株高、茎径、叶宽、叶长、节间长之间表现为极显著正相关,其中株高与节间长的相关系数最大,为0.818;锤度与株高、节间长呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.232和-0.263。主成分分析表明,前2个主成分方差累计贡献率高达72.58%,其中第1主成分方差贡献率达到51.21%,第2主成分贡献率为21.37%。采用聚类分析方法,不同的种质资源被分为8大类群,第Ⅴ和Ⅵ类群的种质综合性状表现最好,这2个类群是优良的斑茅种质资源,可在甘蔗育种中加以挖掘利用。     

甘蔗愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

以甘蔗粤糖95-168号心叶为材料,分别在添加2,4-D1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5和5.0 mg/L8个处理的MS培养基上培养。试验结果表明,不同浓度的2,4-D对愈伤组织诱导有明显影响,并对愈伤组织分化诱导培养产生影响,其中以2,4-D 2.5 mg/L最佳。幼苗经1/2 MS+NAA1.0 mg/L+AC0.05%培养基诱导生根后成为完整的植株。     

Management of nematodes and a stalk borer by increasing within-field sugarcane cultivar diversity

The aim of this study was to determine whether an increase in plant diversity could modify the structure of the nematode community in favour of less pathogenic species and whether it affected the lepidopteran stalk borer, Eldana saccharina . Four sugarcane cultivars were planted either singly or as a mixture in the furrow. Nematodes were enumerated when the crops were 6 months old for five successive 10 to 13 month old crop cycles. Results showed that the mixture of cultivars had little significant impact on the overall abundance of the plant-parasitic or free-living nematodes. However, the nematode community structure within the mixture was slightly different to that observed on any single cultivar planted on its own and there was a higher than expected proportion of Helicotylenchus dihystera during the first three crops. With successive crops and in all treatments, there was an overall trend of increasing proportions of Meloidogyne javanica in the nematode community. However, the way that the change in the species-balance occurred in the mixed cultivar plots suggested a resistance to the evolving dominance of M. javanica . These results showed that sugarcane cultivars interacted within the rhizosphere when planted in a mixture because the observed nematode community in the mixture differed from that expected. The level of damage caused by E. saccharina was slightly lower in the mixture than expected from the actual cultivar composition.     

云南割手密（Saccharum spontaneum）染色体数目及其地理分布研究

对８７份云南割手密无性系进行了染色体数目和植物学性状的观察，发现云南割手密染色体数目有２ｎ＝６０、６４、７０、８０四种类型。讨论了染色体倍性与植物学性状及地理分布的关系。     

甘蔗斑茅属间远缘杂种真实性的ITS鉴定及其抗旱性分析

对甘蔗斑茅属间远缘杂种真实性进行ITS鉴定,同时在水分胁迫下对斑茅及其杂种后代的生理进行研究,参照已建立的甘蔗抗旱鉴定技术体系进行筛选和评价.结果表明:崖城96-40、崖21号、崖城01-3和崖城01-6等都是斑茅的真实杂种;海南92-105(斑茅)、崖城92-77(斑茅)都表现为高抗或特抗,可见斑茅具有很强的抗旱性.     

云南割手密(Saccharum spontaneum L.)的研究 Ⅰ.抽穗期与海拔高度的关系

 对71个割手密材料、原生长地点海拔高度和集中种植后的抽穗期,进行相关系数的测定,呈现显著的负相关,r=-0.725,p<0.01.说明割手密抽穗期的早迟,是对生态环境长期适应的结果,是遗传性的表现.测定回归系数,b=-0.0306,经t测验,p<0.01,达极显著水平,表明海拔每降低100米,其抽穗期延长3.06天.     

Molecular detection of sugarcane striate virus and sugarcane white streak virus and their prevalence in the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses

Viruses in the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae), including those infecting sugarcane, have natural geographical ranges almost exclusively restricted to Africa and the Indian Ocean islands off the African coast. Only sugarcane white streak virus (SWSV) in Barbados and sugarcane striate virus (SStrV) in Florida and Guadeloupe are known to infect a few sugarcane varieties in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, PCR assays were developed to detect these two viruses in sugarcane. Five hundred and seventy-one DNA samples from Saccharum species and interspecific hybrids from the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses were tested for the presence of SStrV and SWSV by PCR. No variety was found infected by SWSV but SStrV was detected in 19 varieties. PCR data were confirmed by sequencing amplified fragments (248 bp). These fragments shared 93%–100% nucleotide identity with SStrV sequences from the GenBank database. SStrV isolates were distributed in six phylogenetic groups, including the four strains of the virus. Most varieties infected by SStrV originated from Asia, thus confirming a previous hypothesis stating that this virus originated from this continent. Absence of SStrV in commercial sugarcane in Florida also suggested that this virus has not been spread in this location, while infected plants have been present for several decades.     

干旱胁迫下斑茅消减文库的构建及分析

以干旱胁迫下斑茅(Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.)叶片组织的cDNA为Tester，正常生长条件下斑茅叶片组织cDNA为Driver，利用抑制性消减杂交技术（Suppression Subtractive Hybridization, SSH）构建斑茅干旱胁迫消减文库。文库克隆总量约为30 000个，克隆重组率为99.2%；随机从文库中挑取3500个克隆分析表明，插入片断长度主要集中在200~1 000 bp之间，500 bp以上的有463个克隆，500 bp以下的有3 037个克隆，平均长度约450 bp; 通过随机对16个文库阳性克隆的测序及分析，3个克隆与ATP-NAD kinase、Aldo/keto reductase和锌指蛋白高度同源，3个克隆没有同源性，10个与逆境相关，是功能未知的EST。选择编号为EL0149和EL0145两个克隆进行Northern杂交验证，结果表明EL0149克隆为干旱胁迫上调表达的EST序列，而EL0145在正常供水和干旱条件下均无明显的的杂交信号。说明本研究克隆的SSH文库质量较高，可以进一步利用SSH文库结合芯片表达谱分析解析作物水分胁迫下的相关抗旱基因网络。     

割手密种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

为探讨国内割手密种质资源的遗传多样性,本研究采用ISSR分子标记对采自8省的52份割手密种质资源进行了分析。结果表明,22条ISSR引物共扩增出127条条带,其中多态性条带121条,多态率达95.3%。材料间遗传相似系数GS在0.60~0.91之间。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明:在遗传相似系数0.72时52份材料可分为4大类;ISSR分析结果显示,割手密遗传多样性丰富,可以用ISSR对割手密进行分子水平的鉴定和遗传多样性研究。