A molecular marker linked to the Prv1 gene that confers resistance to Papaya ringspot virus-type W in melon

Papaya ringspot virus‐type W (PRSV‐W) is the most prevalent and important viral pathogen of cucurbits in Brazil. It can be effectively controlled by the incorporation of genetic resistance into susceptible melon cultivars. The present study identified amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers linked to the PRSV‐W resistance Prv¹ allele. The susceptible yellow‐fleshed melon‐breeding line AF426^prv1 and its nearly isogenic‐resistant line AF426^Prv1, which carries the Prv¹ allele resident in the Indian cantaloupe U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 180280, were screened for AFLP marker polymorphisms. Of 30 251 AFLP loci, only three were polymorphic between the nearly isogenic lines. Segregation analyses for these three polymorphic markers and the Prv¹ allele using a BC₁ population of 197 plants indicated close linkage (0.5% recombination frequency) between marker EK190 (HindIII‐CGA and MseI‐GTG; 190 bp) and Prv¹. Thus, EK190 might be a useful marker in breeding programmes aiming to develop melon cultivars resistant to PRSV‐W. The other two markers are closely linked to each other, but distantly linked to Prv¹.     

Relation in the inheritance of resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis rost and Sphaerotheca fuliginea poll. in cucumber (Cucumis sativusl. L.)

Summary Among the genes for resistance against Sphaerotheca fuliginea, the gene s for resistance of the hypocotyl is linked to or identical with gene p for resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis. This gene s is present in the cultivars Ashley, Poinsett, Natsufushinari, Pixie, Taipei and in accessions PI 179676. PI 212233 and PI 234517.Although gene s initially brings about some resistance of the true leaf, it appears that when s is present. other genes are necessary for complete resistance to S. fuliginea.     

影响农杆菌介导甜瓜子叶遗传转化的因素

以甜瓜子叶作为根癌农杆菌介导转化的受体,通过GUS基因瞬时表达率的分析,研究此转化体系的最佳实验参数.实验结果表明,预培养时间、预培养后对外植体进行处理、感染时间、共培养时间、农杆菌工程菌的浓度等对转化效率都有一定的影响,但是根癌农杆菌诱导物AS并不能大幅度提高转化效果.对外植体进行重新处理,预培养2 d,用OD560为0.3的农杆菌工程菌感染15～25 min,共培养3～4 d的理想条件下,GUS瞬时表达率可达85%.     

Iron and zinc absorption characteristics and copper inhibitions in cucurbitaceae

Iron and Zn absorption, interactions, and Cu inhibitions were characterized in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir.) by kinetic parameters V_max and K_m. Influx and V_max values for Fe and Zn absorption decreased in each species as plant age increased. For the Michaelis constant, K_m, Fe values in cucumber and watermelon and Zn values in watermelon and pumpkin were relatively unchanged with increased plant age. K_m values for Zn absorption in cucumber and Fe absorption in pumpkin decreased as plant age increased. Among species, watermelon appeared to have a particularly effective uptake mechanism for Zn at low solution concentrations. Non‐competitive inhibition of Zn absorption by Fe (20, 50 uM) was indicated in each species. Iron uptake in pumpkin was inhibited non‐competitively by Zn (5, 10 uM), however no significant effects of Zn on Fe absorption were evident in either watermelon or cucumber. Copper (0.5, 1, 5 uM) inhibited uptake of Fe non‐competitively and Zn competitively in each species.     

Role of effective microorganisms in efficacy of Nemarioc-AG phytonematicide on suppression of Meloidogyne incognita and growth of tomato plants

The release of active ingredient chemicals in conventional organic amendments is primarily through microbial degradation, whereas in granular phytonematicides, leaching through irrigation water had been implied as a probable mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine the role of effective microorganisms (EM) on the efficacy of Nemarioc-AG (NAG; G?=?granular formulation) phytonematicide on suppression of root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. A 5?×?6 factorial experiment, with EM at 0%, 0.14%, 0.17%, 0.20% and 0.25% and phytonematicide at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15?g per plant, was conducted under microplot conditions. Each plant was inoculated with 11,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. Seventy days after initiating the treatments, the interactions were not significant (P?≥?.05) on all variables, but the main factors were highly significant. Regression of nematode population densities, root gall and dry shoot mass over increasing phytonematicide concentration exhibited quadratic relations, which were explained by 93%, 97% and 99%, respectively. In contrast, stem diameter and phytonematicide concentration had a positive linear relation, which was explained by 98%. Nematode numbers over increasing EM concentration exhibited quadratic relation, which was explained by 97%. All plant variables and EM had no significant relations. In conclusion, the efficacy of NAG phytonematicide on nematode suppression and plant growth was independent of EM activities, suggesting that irrigation water played a major role in the efficacy of the product in granular formulation.     

黄瓜全雌性基因连锁的AFLP和SCAR分子标记

 本研究以全雌品种‘戴多星’自交系和弱雌品种‘北京截头’自交系为双亲杂交获得F₁ ,然后得到F₂ 性型分离群体, 利用分离群体分组分析法(Bulked Segregant Analysis, BSA) 构建全雌和弱雌两个基因池, 筛选了64对AFLP选择性引物EcoR I-NN +Mse I-NNN组合, 发现EcoR I-TG +Mse I-CAC引物组合在全雌基因池中扩增出一条分子量为234 bp的特异带。经F₂ 代单株验证, 该特异条带能在全雌单株中稳定出现。以MAP MAKER (Version 310) 软件分析, 该标记与全雌性位点的连锁距离在617 cM。命名该连锁标记为TG/CAC₂₃₄。将该特异条带回收、克隆、测序, 设计特异SCAR引物, 再对F₂ 代单株基因组DNA进行扩增, 仅在全雌单株中扩增出1条分子量为166 bp 的特异带, 表明已成功地将与黄瓜全雌性连锁的AFLP标记转化为操作简便、表现稳定的SCAR标记, 该标记命名为SA₁₆₆。     

黄瓜单体异附加系的筛选与观察

 将甜瓜属异源三倍体与栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’杂交，经胚胎拯救获得了两个2n=15 (14C+1H)的单体异附加系，编号分别为02—17和02—39。02一l7植株叶形为戟形，02—39为深陷的掌状形，并且果刺均为白色，不同于异源三倍体的掌状心脏形和黑刺，果形比异源三倍体黄瓜长而更接近普通黄瓜。细胞学研究发现，单体异附加系在终变期和中期I染色体构型主要是由7个二价体和1个单价体构成，出现三价体的频率为4％ ～5％ ，中期Ⅱ不均等分裂形成不同的两极，一极染色体为8条，另一极为7条。RAPD分析证明它们分刖附加了野生种Cucum／s hystrix的染色体。     

京玉1号甜瓜高效再生体系的建立

以京玉1号甜瓜为材料,研究了外植体不同部位、苗龄、激素组合等因素对植株离体再生的影响,建立了以子叶为外植体的高效再生体系.结果表明:甜瓜子叶生长6 d时最佳,用Ms+6-BA 2.0 mg/L诱导分化培养基,不定芽诱导率可达88.67%;诱导不定芽伸长生长以MS+GA32 mg/L+KT 2 mg/L为最佳,伸长率达83.33%;伸长的不定芽在MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L上生根良好,外植体生根率达91.67%.     

优质、脆肉、耐贮型厚皮甜瓜品种好运52的选育

好运52是由广西农业科学院园艺研究所育成的优质、脆肉型、耐贮运杂交一代早中熟厚皮甜瓜新品种,适于我国南部和东部多雨地区保护地栽培及西北干旱地区露地栽培。果实发育期40～45d;中椭圆形,单果重2.0～2.5kg;果皮金黄,网纹中等,近脐部光皮,皮韧,耐贮存;果肉橙红色,中心可溶性固形物含量16%左右,质地实脆,口感清甜,品质上佳。2005年1月通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

低温对不同基因型黄瓜叶片蛋白质组的影响

 【目的】分离不同基因型黄瓜叶片的低温诱导蛋白,为从蛋白质组角度揭示黄瓜应答低温逆境的调控机制打下基础。【方法】以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）的日光温室品种‘新泰密刺’和露地栽培品种‘津研4号’为试材,采用分步提取法溶解叶片总蛋白质,运用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、双向电泳、质谱分析与检索技术,在100 μmol?m-2?s-1的光照条件下,比较研究低温（15/15℃）和常温（25/18℃）下叶片蛋白质组的差异。【结果】利用提取液Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ分步提取叶片总蛋白质后,提取液Ⅰ溶解的黄瓜蛋白质较少。对提取液Ⅱ和Ⅲ溶解的叶片蛋白质进行双向电泳后发现,相对于常温处理,低温使‘新泰密刺’的7个蛋白质点特异表达、2个蛋白质点上调表达、2个蛋白质点下调表达、5个蛋白质点未表达;使‘津研4号’的7个蛋白质点特异表达、1个蛋白质点上调表达、4个蛋白质点下调表达、9个蛋白质点未表达。低温下,‘新泰密刺’的蛋白质点3和4 以及‘津研4号’中蛋白质点2的表达量显著高于常温处理,通过MALDI-TOF质谱分析,这3个蛋白质点被鉴定为1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶的大亚基。【结论】黄瓜叶片的高亲水性蛋白质含量低;在相同的光照（100 μmol?m-2?s-1）条件下低温对不同基因型黄瓜叶片的蛋白质组均有影响;1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶可能与黄瓜叶片耐低温有关。