Effect of Completion of Vernalization on Generative Development of Winter Rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) Plants

Germinating seeds and young plants of winter rape var. Górczañski were vernalized for 56–63 days under conditions of 9-hour day, at the temperature 2 and 5 °C and in continuous darkness at the temperature 2 °C. After vernalization the plants grew under conditions enabling to complete vernalization: in a glass-house at the temperature day/night 15/10 °C and in semi natural conditions of open vegetation hall in the period from June till August. After sub-optimal vernalization further growth of the plants at lowered temperature increased its effectiveness (completion of vernalization). Depending on the degree of the vernalization of the plants the completion of their vernalization was both obligatory, i.e. conditioning the acquisition of the ability of generative development, and facultative i.e. accelerating this development. It has been demonstrated that the population of plants of the examined variety is strongly differentiated not only with respect of vernalization requirements in the particular plants, but also what regards the effectiveness of vernalization completion. New observations have been made indicating that the mechanisms controlling the successive phases of generative development, i.e. phase of forming flower buds and the flowering phase are not identical which may be interpreted as indicating that the "flowering factor" is polymorphous.     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

甘蓝型油菜减氮增效潜力评价及种质资源筛选

为培育具有高潜力的减肥增效油菜品种,以不同甘蓝型油菜种质资源为材料,通过两年三点的田间肥效试验,研究了它们对氮肥的响应特征及节氮增产潜力.以产量平均值为分界线将供试材料划分为4种类型:低氮高效型、双高效型、双低效型和高氮高效型.在高氮条件下,双高效型和高氮高效型材料具有16.96％～36.50％的节氮潜力和21.57％...     

腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响

为探究腐殖酸水溶肥、枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响 本研究以抗热605青菜为试验材料,共设计6组施肥试验,分别为CK1(有机肥2.5g/盆)、CK2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆)、T1(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥100倍液)、T2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥200倍液)、T3(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥400倍液)、T4(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥800倍液),研究结过表明:腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌可在一定程度上增加基质青菜的株高、叶宽、叶长、冠幅及地上鲜重,其中腐殖酸水溶肥起主导作用,枯草芽孢杆菌作用较为微弱,综合各生长指标考量以T2处理效果最佳。     

湘红菜薹一号的选育

湘红菜薹一号是以自交不亲和系９４１５－２和孤雌生殖系Ｊ－７－２配制的紫菜薹一代杂种,极早熟,从播种到始收４５天左右,早期产量高,菜薹亮紫色,无蜡粉,味甜,品质好,耐热,抗软腐病能力强,适应性广,适用于长江流域夏秋栽培和早熟秋冬栽培。     

红菜薹栽培与育种研究进展(上)

从红菜薹的品种资源、遗传育种、良种繁育以及栽培生理、贮藏保鲜、品质安全等方面,综述了近20年来我国红菜薹研究的主要成果,可供今后我国红菜薹教学、科研和生产及宏观决策的参考.     

甘蓝Ogura 细胞质雄性不育相关基因BoMF1启动子的克隆及功能分析

 通过TAIL-PCR 染色体步移技术,从甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）基因组中克 隆到胞质雄性不育（OguCMS）相关基因BoMF1 翻译起始位点上游521 bp 的启动子序列。软件分析预测 表明,该启动子序列中存在多个顺式作用元件,包括TATA-box、CAAT-box、MYB 结合位点、植物激 素响应单元等。为了研究该启动子的表达特性,亚克隆了BoMF1 转录起始位点上游521 bp 序列,将其置 换pBI121 中的CaMV35S 启动子,驱动其下游的GUS 基因,构建植物表达载体pBI121-BoMF1P,以pBI121 空载体作为阳性对照,通过农杆菌（LBA4404）介导法转入拟南芥。结果表明,甘蓝BoMF1 启动子序列 能驱动GUS 基因在拟南芥花药发育晚期的花药和花粉中特异表达,表达具有组织特异性。     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

甘蓝型油菜油酸含量的主基因+多基因遗传分析

应用植物数量性状主基因 多基因的多世代联合分析方法,对甘蓝型油菜杂交组合8087 × 8108的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2 等6个世代种子油酸含量进行分析,结果表明:(1)该组合油酸含量受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因 加性-显性-上位性多基因控制遗传;(2)该杂交组合的B1、B2和F2群体油酸含量主基因遗传力为43.83 %～94.71%,多基因遗传力为0.65 %～30.85 %,表明该组合油酸含量是由两对主基因 多基因共同控制的,并以主基因遗传为主;(3)油酸含量以加性效应和上位性效应为主,显性效应比较小.     

花分生组织决定基因APETALA1转化油菜

拟南芥的APETALA1(AP1)是花分生组织的决定基因,同时也是萼片和花瓣正常发育的控制因子.本研究构建了含有AP1基因的植物表达载体PCAP,启动子为CaMV 35S,通过农杆菌侵染法转化油菜.用PCR方法对转基因植株进行了DNA和RNA水平上的分子检测,证明AP1基因已经整合到转基因植株的基因组中,并且得到了有效的表达.获得的转基因植株也表现出提前开花的特性.试验结果表明,AP1基因在促进成花方面的关键作用不具有种属特异性,利用基因工程可以快速高效地进行油菜早熟性的遗传改良.