野生动物数量调查方法综述

从论述野生动物数量调查的目的意义开始,对国内外常用的野生动物数量调查的主要方法和发展趋势进行了综合性评述。     

伊犁河谷14种野生观赏植物种子活力及休眠破除研究

研究伊犁河谷14种野生观赏植物种子特性,探究其种子保存方法及休眠破除的最佳方案。结果表明,1)低温干藏和超低温干藏处理后,所有种子的活力均有不同程度的下降;2)顶冰花、喜盐鸢尾的种子休眠破除均对赤霉素响应不敏感;马兰、天仙子、菥蓂、团扇荠、花葵、锦葵和欧夏至草在0.1mmol/L赤霉素处理时萌发率最高,而酸模、毒芹、白芷和夏枯草在1mmol/L赤霉素处理下萌发率最高;3)低温干藏和超低温干藏后,顶冰花、白喉乌头、喜盐鸢尾种子休眠对其不响应;低温干藏后,马兰、酸模、花葵、团扇荠、天仙子种子萌发率较高,而超低温干藏后,菥蓂、锦葵、毒芹、白芷、欧夏至草和夏枯草种子萌发率较高。     

Some Protozoan and Metazoan Parasites of the Amberjack From the Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean)

A survey of protozoan and metazoan parasites of wild amberjack (Seriola dumerili) from the Balearic Sea revealed one myxozoan (Myxobolus sp.), one monogenean (Heteraxine heterocerca), 10 trematodes (Bucephalus polymorphus, Prosorhynchus crucibulum, Bucephalopsis sp., Hemiurus communis, Aponurus sp., Acanthocolpus Iiodorus, Stephanozostomum pristis, Nematobothrium scombri, Wedlia bipartita, Paradeontacylix sp.), one nematode (Philometra globiceps), one copepod (Caligus curtus) and one isopod (Gnathia vorax larva) species to be present. The prevalence and intensity of infection and the distribution of each species is described. Their possible interactions with farmed amberjack are discussed.     

海南特种野猪肌肉组织特性与胴体肉质性状的相关性研究

为了研究海南特种野猪肌肉组织学特性及其与胴体肉质性状之间的关系,试验测定了海南特种野猪骨骼肌不同部位肌纤维形态和胴体肉质性状指标,并进行了相关分析。结果表明,海南特种野猪肌纤维直径较小,肌纤维密度较大,肌纤维面积适中;肌纤维等效直径、面积、密度均与剪切力呈显著(P0.05)正相关;肌纤维等效直径和面积与肌内脂肪呈显著(P0.05)负相关;肌纤维长径与肉色和大理石纹均呈显著(P0.05)正相关。结果揭示了海南特种野猪肌纤维等效直径、面积、密度与肉质性状存在显著相关关系。其肌纤维细,肌纤维密度高,肌肉表面纹理细腻致密,嫩度好,肉质优良。     

云南野生稻新害虫食禾梯管蚜的空间分布型

 对食禾梯管蚜在2种野生稻上分布调查表明,该虫在2种野生稻上的空间分布图式是均为聚集分布,分布的基本成分为个体群。并得该害虫在2种野生稻上的最适抽样数模型,即:药用野生稻N=（11.968 8/m＋0.869 8）/D²,元江普通野生稻N=（2.804 3/m+0.618 3）/D²,景洪普通野生稻N=（2.456 6/m+1.187 3）/D²;并根据最适抽样数公式确定既定精度抽样停止线。     

十字花科蔬菜上黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查与分析

1996～1997年在深圳对黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查的结果表明 :该虫在一年中有两个发生高峰 ,即春季高峰和秋季高峰。秋季发生高峰的虫口数量是春季的2.4～2.5倍。旬降雨量 (X₁)、旬平均气温 (X₂)与黄曲条跳甲种群数量 (Y)之间的关系用数学方程式表达 :Y=27.1537-0.004 128X₁+0.004727X₂。黄曲条跳甲在一季菜生长期内的发生动态与寄主植物生长发育期密切相关。本文还讨论了黄曲条跳甲在不同寄主植物上的种群动态     

Role of effective microorganisms in efficacy of Nemarioc-AG phytonematicide on suppression of Meloidogyne incognita and growth of tomato plants

The release of active ingredient chemicals in conventional organic amendments is primarily through microbial degradation, whereas in granular phytonematicides, leaching through irrigation water had been implied as a probable mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine the role of effective microorganisms (EM) on the efficacy of Nemarioc-AG (NAG; G?=?granular formulation) phytonematicide on suppression of root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. A 5?×?6 factorial experiment, with EM at 0%, 0.14%, 0.17%, 0.20% and 0.25% and phytonematicide at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15?g per plant, was conducted under microplot conditions. Each plant was inoculated with 11,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. Seventy days after initiating the treatments, the interactions were not significant (P?≥?.05) on all variables, but the main factors were highly significant. Regression of nematode population densities, root gall and dry shoot mass over increasing phytonematicide concentration exhibited quadratic relations, which were explained by 93%, 97% and 99%, respectively. In contrast, stem diameter and phytonematicide concentration had a positive linear relation, which was explained by 98%. Nematode numbers over increasing EM concentration exhibited quadratic relation, which was explained by 97%. All plant variables and EM had no significant relations. In conclusion, the efficacy of NAG phytonematicide on nematode suppression and plant growth was independent of EM activities, suggesting that irrigation water played a major role in the efficacy of the product in granular formulation.     

胡椒栽培种与野生近缘种嫁接技术调查

通过对胡椒野生近缘种蒌叶Piper betle L．作砧木、胡椒Piper nigrum L.栽培种Kuching作接穗的嫁接技术进行调查,调查结果表明：胡椒栽培种与胡椒野生近缘种嫁接亲和力强,嫁接成活率高,嫁接植株主蔓粗壮,生长迅速,生态适应能力明显增强。     

Piscine reovirus (PRV) in wild Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., and sea‐trout,Salmo trutta L., in Norway

This is the first comprehensive study on the occurrence and distribution of piscine reovirus (PRV) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., caught in Norwegian rivers. PRV is a newly discovered reovirus associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), a serious and commercially important disease affecting farmed Atlantic salmon in Norway. A cross‐sectional survey based on real‐time RT‐PCR screening of head kidney samples from wild, cultivated and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon caught from 2007 to 2009 in Norwegian rivers has been conducted. In addition, anadromous trout (sea‐trout), Salmo trutta L., caught from 2007 to 2010, and anadromous Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), caught from 2007 to 2009, were tested. PRV was detected in Atlantic salmon from all counties included in the study and in 31 of 36 examined rivers. PRV was also detected in sea‐trout but not in anadromous Arctic char. In this study, the mean proportion of PRV positives was 13.4% in wild Atlantic salmon, 24.0% in salmon released for stock enhancement purposes and 55.2% in escaped farmed salmon. Histopathological examination of hearts from 21 PRV‐positive wild and one cultivated salmon (Ct values ranging from 17.0 to 39.8) revealed no HSMI‐related lesions. Thus, it seems that PRV is widespread in Atlantic salmon returning to Norwegian rivers, and that the virus can be present in high titres without causing lesions traditionally associated with HSMI.     

贵州喀斯特山区野生华榛土壤、叶片和果实矿质元素的相关性及通径分析

本文研究了贵州喀斯特地区野生华榛的生长状态,明确其果实、土壤和叶片间的养分关系,为野生华榛资源的开发利用及栽培提供一定理论依据。以典型喀斯特地区盘州市野生华榛的土壤、叶片和果实为材料,测定其矿质元素含量,采用简单相关分析法和通径分析法分析矿质元素之间的相关性、矿质元素对果实指标的影响。测定结果表明,盘州市的野生华榛土壤中的大量元素处于中等偏上级别,微量元素除有效锌含量较高外,皆处于中等偏低的级别。果实的蛋白质含量为18.52%,粗脂肪含量为39.88%,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为87.62%。相关分析及通径分析表明,果实、叶片及土壤中的Mn元素对果实品质的影响较大,说明Mn元素是影响华榛果实品质的重要元素。而果实中的N、土壤中的Mg、叶片中的P和Mg元素对于果实品质均有较大影响。野生华榛蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量较高,富含不饱和脂肪酸,具有较好的开发利用前景。在栽培过程中,可以通过叶片和土壤矿质元素诊断分析,对植株Mn元素含量进行科学合理地调控,进而提高华榛果实品质。而适当调整土壤中的N、Mg、P元素含量对于提高果实品质具有重要意义。