天山北坡玛纳斯河流域草地长势遥感监测

[目的]进行国产高分1号遥感数据在草地长势监测方面的应用研究,为维持草地畜牧业可持续发展、维护草原生态平衡提供科学依据。[方法]以新疆典型草原区—玛纳斯河流域为研究靶区,在"3S"技术支持下,利用高分一号卫星数据的优越性及野外调查数据,进行国产高分一号遥感数据在草地长势监测方面的应用研究。[结果]研究区2014年草地长势比2013年差一些,2014年长势比2013年差的草地面积为209 074.7hm2,占研究区草地总面积的13.21%。研究区2013—2014年各类草地类型长势情况的结果显示,比2013年长势差的面积最大的草地类型是温性荒漠草原,面积为109 224.6hm2,占温性荒漠草原面积的36.8%,研究区草地总面积的6.9%。[结论]研究区草地长势监测精度比较高,即,88.6%以上,高分1号卫星数据是一个草地长势监测的有效数据。     

广西姜花花粉离体萌发培养基的筛选

[目的]为广西姜花花粉离体萌发筛选出最适培养基。[方法]以原位萌发测定为对照,在正交预试验的基础上,通过单因素试验筛选出广西姜花花粉离体萌发的最适培养基。[结果]蔗糖浓度为10.000%时,广西姜花花粉的离体萌发率最高,为22.45%。当硼酸浓度为0.010%和0.050%时,广西姜花花粉的离体萌发率分别为35.58%和37.42%。当氯化钙的浓度为0.010%时,广西姜花花粉的离体萌发率为38.49%。在0.010%～0.200%浓度范围内,广西姜花花粉的离体萌发率随着氯化钙浓度的升高而下降。广西姜花花粉离体萌发的最适培养基为:10.000%蔗糖+0.050%硼酸+0.010%氯化钙+2.000%琼脂,pH=7.0,培养温度为20℃。在筛选出的培养基上,通过花粉离体萌发测定的花粉萌发率为46.00%。采用花粉原位萌发测定法测定的花粉萌发率为50.00%。[结论]利用筛选出的培养基能够快速准确测定出广西姜花的花粉活力。     

6种臂形草属牧草品种比较试验

目的研究外源激素乙烯利(ethephon,ETH)浸种对杂交臂形草(Brachiaria hybrid)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以期筛选ETH浸种的最佳质量浓度,为生产实践提供技术支撑。方法以国产莫拉特Ⅱ杂交臂形草种子为试验材料,采用质量浓度为0 (CK)、100、200、300、400、500和600 mg/L的ETH溶液浸种24 h,通过种子发芽试验和幼苗培养,探究ETH对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果6个质量浓度的ETH均能有效提高莫拉特Ⅱ杂交臂形草种子的发芽能力,种子发芽率与对照(CK)差异显著(P<0.05);400 mg/L ETH浸种24 h的效果最好,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数分别是CK的3.64倍、2.45倍、2.97倍和6.43倍(P<0.05);300和400 mg/L ETH浸种24 h,幼苗生长发育最好,根长分别是CK的2.31倍和2.42倍,苗高均为CK的3.61倍 (P<0.05)。结论400 mg/L ETH溶液浸种24 h能显著促进莫拉特Ⅱ杂交臂形草种子的萌发,同时也能较好地促进其幼苗生长发育,可在生产上推广应用。     

Vitality rating of picea abies by defoliation class and other vigour indicators

The study was made to assess the relationship between visually estimated defoliation class and a number of other variables depicting the vitality of Norway spruce (n=50). Variables characterizing crown size and condition were determined on the standing trees. Electrical impedance (an indication of the physiological status of a tree) was measured in the inner bark tissue of the living trees. Shoot growth and needle variables were determined from the detached sample branches. Negative correlations were found between defoliation class and the growth parameters (5‐year height, radial and volume growth of the trunk). Positive correlations were observed between the needle loss class and the abundance of branch damage, secondary shoots and impedance values. 18 variables (defoliation excluded) describing tree size and vitality were summarized in a factor analysis incorporating 5 factors. These were interpreted as 1) vitality, 2) foliage discoloration, 3) tree size, 4) needle number and 5) needle size factors. The tree‐specific score values for the first factor were interpreted as “vitality indices”;. The rank correlation between these score values and defoliation degree was 0.835. This result suggests that the defoliation class and vitality parameters contributing to the first factor give a consistent estimate of the tree condition.     

试用“气韵生动”分析中国古典园林造园艺术

从“气韵生动”这一绘画美学理论的特殊视角来分析中国古典园林的造园艺术，阐述了“气”和“韵”在中国古典园林的具体体现。说明“气韵生动”是中国古典园林的一个重要特征，从这一角度来研究中国古典园林会给我们带来新的启发。     

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting germination and vitality in spring barley seed

Germination of eight spring barley varieties, grown in two years at eight different locations in State varietal trials in the Czech republic, was analysed. All the combinations were tested under optimal conditions for germination as recommended by ISTA and also at low temperatures (5 and 10°C), and underwater stress (- 2 and - 4 bar). Germination under low temperature and water stress was considered as a character of seed vitality. Varieties in nearly all experiments were a significant source of variation and their relative contribution to the total variation was higher for vitality (5.7–38.7%) than for germination (2.0–4.3%). However, the percentage of germination were not related to the percentage of vitality. The location in nearly all the experiments caused the greatest variation and the impact was greater for germination than for vitality. Provenance effects were different for germination and for vitality; grains harvested in the lowland had the highest germination values, but not the highest vitality values. The results should encourage breeding for seed vitality and some reconsideration of provenance effects on seed vitality.     

Effects of acid deposition on Dutch forest ecosystems

Effects of elevated S and N deposition on the solution chemistry of Dutch forest soils are mainly manifested by increased concentrations of Al associated with increased concentrations of SO₄ and NO₄. Presumed critical Al/base cation ratios are often exceeded below 20 cm soil depth. There is also evidence that elevated N deposion during the last decades affected the forest nutrient status and caused large changes in forest vegetation. About half of the Dutch forests have absolute shortage of P and relative Mg deficiencies compared to foliar N contents. Evidence from field studies of a relationship between soil acidification and nutrient imbalances in the soil and the foliage on one hand and the vitality of forests on the other hand is, however, lacking.     

菜心花粉萌发研究初报

[目的]为菜心的通过雄性不育系的遗传育种提供参考。[方法]以种植于花钵中的菜心为材料,采用TTC法测定其花粉活力;同时将花粉分别在3种培养基上培养,3种培养基即A1:15.00%蔗糖+0.01%硼酸+0.001%GA3,A2:15.00%蔗糖+0.40 mmol/L CaCl2+0.40 mmol/LH3BO3+1.00%琼脂,A3:5.00 mmol/LMES+1.00 mmol/L KCl+10.00 mmol/L CaCl2+0.80 mmol/LMgSO4+1.50 mmol/L硼酸+1.00%琼脂+16.60%蔗糖+3.65%山梨醇+10.00μg/ml肌醇,比较培养6 h和12 h后的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度。[结果]试验表明,菜心花粉活力很高,具有活力的花粉比例平均达98.18%;A1培养基培养效果最好,A2次之,A3最差;培养12 h的花粉萌发率高于培养6 h的,但培养12 h的花粉管长度却小于培养6 h后的。[结论]综合分析认为,菜心花粉在A1培养基即15.00%蔗糖+0.01%硼酸+0.001%GA3上培养6 h萌发效果最好。     

建柏种子场圃发芽率预测模型研究

本文作者从全省各地收集建柏种子29份,进行生活力、实验室发芽率、发芽势、场圃发芽率测定,通过回归分析,建立场圃发芽率,实验室发芽率预测模型。     

青杄花粉保存方法试验研究

通过对不同保存方式下保存2~4年的同株青杄花粉生活力测定,结果表明:室温保存的青杄花粉效果较差,2年后花粉活力只有11.5%;低温保存条件下,随着保存时间的延长,花粉的生活力虽有下降,但不太明显,在4℃下和-20℃下保存青杄2年后,其生活力仍然在78%和80%左右,-20℃下保存的青杄花粉生活力较4℃稍强。因此,在-20℃条件下较长时间保存云杉花粉效果更为理想。