大理市诺邓传统古村落景观及演进特征

针对西南少数民族乡村景观发展停滞或衰退的问题,对大理市传统古村落景观及演进特征进行了研究,为大理市传统古村落保护提供科学依据。选取大理市诺邓白族传统古村落为研究对象,采用野外调查,并综合运用GIS的分析方法,对大理诺邓白族古村落景观及演进特征进行了分析。结果表明:诺邓白族古村落院落主要分布在15°以下的缓坡及距盐井200 m的范围内,诺邓白族古村落景观演进以自然发展为主,外部力量参与协同作用。诺邓白族古村落的景观演进主要包括聚集、成形、发展、衰退和重振五个阶段。结合诺邓白族古村落保护、发展、更新的问题,提出了诺邓白族古村落景观形态和内涵的具体构建策略,以期对诺邓白族古村落及其他传统古村落景观的构建提供借鉴。     

浅谈古聚落理水理念对海绵型乡村建设的启示——以岳阳张谷英村为例

文章以海绵城市理念和乡村振兴政策为指导背景,采用实地考察及文献查阅的研究方法,对岳阳张谷英古聚落选址时自然水系的选择利用及对水系的人工控制进行分析和探讨,试图如实还原符合地域性的理水系统,诠释其从生态环境和人工构筑层面呼应海绵系统的“渗、蓄、滞、净、排、用”六个过程,初步印证“海绵乡村”理念与张谷英古聚落理水理念的一致性,为美丽乡村建设提供一定的启示和借鉴。     

东新村农业现状调查

通过实地调查,总结介绍了富平县东新村的农业资源特征,农林牧副渔的产业结构,作物布局和耕作制度及耕作栽培技术,作物品种搭配,林业和养殖业的发展现状,最后讨论了存在的主要问题和今后的工作设想.     

Factors influencing adoption of soil and water conservation measures in southern Mali

A soil and water conservation (SWC) extension programme, promoting erosion control measures and soil fertility measures, has been going on in southern Mali since 1986. Five factors that influence farmer adoption of SWC measures were analysed: land pressure, cotton‐growing area, possession of ploughing equipment, possession of a donkey cart and farmer training in SWC. Interviews were carried out with 298 farmers and two to three fields per farmer were visited, in 30 representative villages and 30 villages with high SWC adoption. Correlation, regression and factor analysis led to the following conclusions:

• (1) Farmers in the high land‐pressure area adopt more soil fertility measures.
• (2) Farmers in the cotton‐growing area adopt less SWC measures.
• (3) Farmers with more ploughing equipment adopt more SWC measures.
• (4) Farmers with a donkey cart adopt more soil fertility measures.
• (5) Trained farmers adopt more erosion control measures.

There is a strong correlation between the adoption of erosion control measures and soil fertility measures that could not be explained by these five factors only. This suggests that there are additional factors that trigger the adoption of SWC measures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regeneration of sylvopastoral lands in the Sahel zone under village management conditions

This article reports the results of a study aimed to develop an approach for the rehabilitation of sylvopastoral lands that would be applicable and sustainable under local village-management conditions. Stabilization measures involved protection against exploitation activities during a period of five years, with accompanying low-cost restoration measures (all locally known) including (i) alignments of dead wood along the contour, (ii) spreading (mulching) of dead wood, and (iii) alignments of small stones along the contour. Monitoring demonstrated remarkable and continuing regeneration of the vegetation, with restoration measures clearly accelerating such regeneration. Low-intensity grazing did not appear to be harmful. The study also demonstrated the synergy between the herbaceous and woody plant layers. However, village management of the area was increasingly neglected, and after the five-year period exploitation levels reverted back to normal, so that the results will not be sustained. This was due to neglect of socio–economic issues, including insufficient insight into the norms and values attributed by the villagers to such low potential sylvopastoral lands. Future research should focus on the socio–economic aspects of land rehabilitation, as technical means are widely known, including appropriate low-cost measures based on local practices. Recommendations focus on principles and steps to be undertaken for successful and sustainable land rehabilitation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于意愿调查的村域尺度农村居民点整理潜力测算

以重庆市崇龛镇古泥村9个社为例,采用“两步走”策略分别对9个社内农村居民点整理潜力进行测算,即在运用人均建设用地标准法测算出各个社的农村居民点整理潜力理论值的基础上,综合考虑影响村域内农村居民点整理的影响因素,对理论潜力值进行修正,最终得到符合村域实际情况的农村居民点整理潜力值,以期探索村级尺度农村居民点整理潜力测算的方法,为村级土地利用规划提供理论依据.结果表明:理论上,古泥村9个社的农村居民点整理均有较大的潜力,整理潜力面积为19.25 hm2,预计整理后能节地55.43％;通过建立农村居民点整理评价指标体系后,得出各个村的整理潜力修正系数在0.3866～0.7083之间,修正后的整理面积为10.38 hm2,预计整理后能节地29.89％,较理论潜力值少8.87 hm2;根据各个社农村居民点现实整理潜力,可把古泥村9个社划分为优先整理区、重点整理区、适度整理区和后续整理区.     

云南红花茶树资源调查简报

云南省勐腊县象明乡倚邦村自然环境优越,种茶历史悠久,是普洱茶古六大茶山之一,现存古茶园400多hm2,茶树品种有普洱茶种(C.assamica)和茶种(C.sinensis)2大类。通过实地调查,在倚邦村曼拱二队发现了7株红花茶树,记录其地理位置、维量特征、花器特征等,建立了红花茶树资源档案,为进一步研究红花茶树的遗传与变异提供参考。     

浅析村“两委”换届前后的村集体财务管理

村＂两委＂换届是农村基层民主政治建设的1件大事。在村两委换届选举前后,出现了一些与农村财务管理不和谐的反常现象,既阻碍了农村的民主政治建设,又影响了村集体正常的财务管理工作。就选举前后出现的问题及其危害进行论述,提出今后避免此类现象发生的对策。     

历史文化名村的保护与开发--以苏州市明月湾古村为例

明月湾是苏州市首批公布保护的古村落,是首批国家级历史文化名村之一。由于保护意识淡薄,明月湾古村一度遭到较为严重的破坏。笔者介绍了历史文化名村的相关概念及其保护对象,纵观明月湾古村的保护与开发现状,从文化遗产的角度对明月湾古村近年来的保护与开发状况进行了分析,认为明月湾古村存在保护与开发体系不完善,村民保护意识不足,部分文化遗产保护状况欠佳,并且古村开发过度、文化特色缺失等问题。笔者据此提出相关建议,强调完善历史文化名村保护体系,实施多层次、分类保护,加强宣传教育,规范管理并进行合理开发。     

基于村庄综合发展潜力评价的中心村确定

通过构建村庄综合发展潜力评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和加权指数法计算村庄的综合发展潜力分值,对商城县双椿铺镇的村庄进行排序,综合发展潜力分值超过60分的确定为中心村,以此形成中心村布局的初步方案;然后通过耕作半径区间对方案进行检验修正.结果表明,用村庄综合发展潜力评价方法确定中心村合理易行,适合在村镇建设的迁村并点工作中推广应用.