早熟大白菜新品种‘晋白5号’

‘晋白5号’是用Q-50与Z-55杂交育成的早熟大白菜新品种。生育期55 ~ 60 d,矮桩叠抱,株高33 ~ 35 cm,开展度60 cm左右。叶球纵径26 ~ 28 cm,横径23 ~ 25 cm,球形指数为1.1。单株净菜2.0 ~ 2.5 kg,净菜率81.7%,净菜产量78 000 ~ 98 000 kg ? hm-2。抗霜霉病、软腐病和病毒病。适宜与山西太原生态类型相似地区露地秋早熟栽培。     

极晚熟蟠桃新品种瑞蟠21号在北京市平谷区的栽培表现

为解决北京市平谷区蟠桃品种熟期不配套问题,更好地为桃树更新储备优良品种;2004年开始从北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所引进了蟠桃新品种瑞蟠21号进行栽培试验;结果表明:‘瑞蟠21号’为优良的极晚熟蟠桃新品种。果实扁平形,平均单果质量236g,白肉,硬溶质,风味甜,粘核。耐贮运。丰产。在平谷区9月下旬成熟,果实发育期为166d。;花蔷薇形,有花粉。瑞蟠21号栽培表现优良,适应性强,商品性好,可以作为桃更新换代品种在平谷区发展。     

Replacing dietary fish oil with increasing levels of rapeseed oil and olive oil – effects on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) tissue and lipoprotein lipid composition and lipogenic enzyme activities

Six groups of Atlantic salmon, initial weight 142 ± 1 g, were fed increasing dietary inclusion of rapeseed oil (RO) in a regression design and one group was fed a 50% olive oil/50% capelin oil diet. Fatty acid composition was measured in red and white muscle, liver, and fatty acid and lipid class composition was measured in plasma and in the lipoproteins; very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and nonlipoprotein fraction after 22 and 42 weeks of feeding. Further, the activities of liver NADH‐isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malic enzyme, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were measured at each sampling point. After 42 weeks of feeding the experimental diets, the tissue and lipoprotein fatty acid composition was highly affected by dietary fatty acid composition. Regressions showed that 22:1n ? 11, 18:1n ? 9, 18:3n ? 3 and 18:2n ? 6 are readily metabolized in all tissues analysed. Further, 20:5n ? 3 seems to be metabolized in muscle and retained in liver. 22:6n ? 3 was selectively retained in all the analysed tissues, and with higher retention in liver and plasma with higher polar lipid/neutral lipid ratio compared to white and red muscle. Liver from salmon fed 100% RO showed decreased G6PDH and increased ICDH activities compared to the other dietary groups; however, no linear relationship related to increased RO inclusion was detected. The amount of plasma lipoproteins, liver monoene fatty acid level and lipogenic enzyme activity decreased from the autumn to the winter sampling with concomitant decrease in temperature.     

Towards the primary target of chloroacetamides –new findings pave the way

This review reports on research of the last ten years to find the primary target enzyme for chloroacetamides. As could be shown first with the green alga Scenedesmus, the formation of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) is severely impaired. Subsequently, in short‐term experiments, labelled malonate or stearate could be incorporated into leaf discs of cucumber, barley or leek seedlings. While the formation of ‘normal’ long‐chain fatty acids (up to C18) was not influenced, phytotoxic chloroacetamides strongly inhibited the synthesis of VLCFAs of C20, 22 and 24, with I₅₀ values of 10–100 nM . Inhibition depends on the amide structure and on stereospecificity. Also cafenstrole or recently developed tetrazolinones and phosphosulfonates were found active to inhibit fatty‐acid elongation. Subsequently, a cell‐free elongase assay was developed using a microsomal preparation from leek seedlings (Allium porrum L), [¹⁴C]malonyl‐CoA and C18, 20, or C22 acyl‐CoA primer substrates. All elongation steps were strongly affected by those phytotoxic herbicides which were also active in vivo. The inhibitors form a tight‐binding complex with the condensing elongase enzyme system which develops with time and lowers the I₅₀ values markedly. Apparently, a nucleophilic attack of the inhibitor takes place at the specific target enzyme. Acyl‐CoA elongation inhibition is correlated with growth inhibition of the intact cell. Due to the low I₅₀ values and the specific inhibition, we assume that impaired VLCFA‐formation is the primary phytotoxic impact of chloroacetamides and functionally related structures. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

早熟桃新品种‘丹丽’

‘丹丽’是从‘六月鲜’桃自然实生后代中选育出的新品种。果实近圆形,平均单果质量225.7 g;果面色泽艳丽,着色度80%以上;果肉白色,有红色素沉淀;质地细脆,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量13.7%;耐贮运。果实发育期80~85 d。丰产,盛果期产量40 t·hm-2。     

基于PROSAIL结合VMG模型的冬小麦叶面积指数反演方法

针对物理模型抗噪能力差且容易过拟合的问题,提出一种PROSAIL模型结合VMG（VARI（Visible atmospherically resistant index）、MGRVI （Modified green red vegetation index）、GRRI （Green red ratio index））多元回归模型反演冬小麦叶面积指数（Leaf area index,LAI）方法。实验基于无人机影像（Unmanned aerial vehicles,UAV）,选择河南省焦作市东南部的山阳区为实验区,结合实测2个生育期冬小麦LAI数据。首先,构建RGB植被指数模型,选取其中最优VMG模型反演冬小麦LAI;然后,对PROSAIL参数敏感性进行分析,得到参数最优值,反演冬小麦LAI;最后,采用快速模拟退火（Very fast simulated annealing,VFSA）算法将两种模型结合,获得最优冬小麦LAI。结果表明：VFSA可以有效将PROSAIL模型和VMG模型结合,提高了反演精度,且优于VMG模型和PROSAIL模型,决定系数R2高于0.8,均方根误差（RMSE）低于0.4m2/m2。综上所述,冬小麦生长过程中,地面覆盖度增高,本文方法具有较强的辐射传输机理,为LAI反演提供一种有效的反演方法。     

基于多尺度形态学滤波的高分辨率遥感影像分割

针对目前高空间分辨率遥感影像分割预处理噪声去除过程中,通常都是对影像采用同一尺度,即同一尺寸的结构元素,进行滤波,忽略了不同地类中的噪声尺度不一致的问题。该文基于形态学开闭重建运算,采用加权思想,充分利用不同尺度结构元素能去除对应尺度噪声的特点,结合多个尺度结构元素的滤波结果,提出一种多尺度形态学滤波方法。试验结果表明,该方法能有效抑制由于滤波尺度选择不合适造成的影像“过分割”和“欠分割”问题,适合于对高空间分辨率遥感影像的多尺度噪声去除。     

环境温度对蛋用鸡脂肪代谢影响的研究

产蛋鸡经24～28小时适温(17.4～25.2℃)处理后与较低温度(10℃)比较,血中游离脂肪酸水平显著提高(P<0.01),血脂无显著变化,21℃下VLDL含量显著增加(P<0.01)。25.2℃下血糖含量显著降低(P<0.01)。在17.4～33.1℃之间各组的血脂、游离脂肪酸和VLDL含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。但高温下(33.1℃)血糖含量显著下降(P<0.01)。经30～32天高温处理后,对血脂、游离脂肪酸和VLDL无显著影响(P>0.05)33.1℃下血糖水平显著降低(P<0.01)。采食高蛋白日粮鸡的血脂和VLDL水平较高(P<0.05),而食高能日粮的鸡血糖较高(P<0.05),日粮营养水平对游离脂肪酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

早熟甜樱桃新品种‘春艳’

 ‘春艳’是从‘雷尼尔’ב红灯’杂交后代中选育的大果型早熟优质甜樱桃新品种。果实黄红色,短心脏形,果柄短,平均单果质量8.1 g。果肉黄色,肉质细脆、多汁,可溶性固形物含量17.2%,总糖含量11.55%,可滴定酸含量0.93%,维生素C 83.8 mg · kg^-1,甜味浓,微酸,风味浓郁,品质上佳。适应性强,早果性和丰产性好。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒SD株毒力测定

从一个免疫失败鸡场中分离到一株鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株,命名为SD株.经血清学试验、鸡胚接种、病毒形态观察等证实了分离物为鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV).测定病毒效价ELD50达到10-6.5/0.2 mL;动物回归试验表明,该SD株接种4周龄鸡后引起鸡群发病率为100%,病死率达85%,剖检可见法氏囊呈"紫葡萄样...