蚯蚓粪对番茄农艺性状和品质的影响

试验在盆栽条件下探讨蚯蚓粪对番茄农艺性状和品质的影响。结果表明,蚯蚓粪不同处理均能很好地改善番茄农艺性状,提高番茄的座果率、维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物的含量。单施蚯蚓粪有机肥试验中,80%蚯蚓粪处理显著促进番茄株高、株幅和茎粗的生长,40%蚯蚓粪明显提高座果率;20%和60%蚯蚓粪处理分别提高维生素C含量12.17%和24.34%,60%和80%蚯蚓粪处理分别提高可溶性糖20.34%和42.89%,60%蚯蚓粪处理对可溶性固形物影响最显著达24.04%。蚯蚓粪配施化肥较单施蚯蚓粪处理能较好改善番茄农艺性状,对座果率的影响表现为先增后降的趋势,对提高果实维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量的趋势不同。     

蚯蚓粪配比的泥炭基质特性及其栽培的小型西瓜幼苗生长状况

以蚯蚓粪按照不同体积比替代泥炭作为基质开展小型西瓜育苗试验,研究蚯蚓粪配比的泥炭基质特性及其栽培的小型西瓜幼苗生长状况。结果表明,随着蚯蚓粪添加比例的增加,基质的pH、电导率（Electric conductivity, EC）、干容重、湿容重总体呈逐渐上升趋势,最大持水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度则呈逐渐下降趋势,当蚯蚓粪所占比例达到或超过50%可能给基质物理特性带来不利影响。添加了蚯蚓粪的基质,细菌和真菌数量明显下降,尤以细菌数量的降幅最大,微生物总量随之大幅降低。小型西瓜幼苗在S2基质（含10%蚯蚓粪）中的株高、茎粗、生物量、根长、根表面积均为最高,生长状况最好,综合评价得分最高,表明在泥炭基质中添加10%蚯蚓粪有利于提升小型西瓜育苗效果。相关性分析结果显示,小型西瓜幼苗的生长受基质物理特性的影响较大,其茎粗、根长及综合评价得分与基质干、湿容重呈极显著或显著负相关,与基质最大持水量、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度呈极显著或显著正相关。     

添加蚓粪和蛭石对菇渣培育番茄幼苗生长的影响

摘要：[方法]采用菇渣为原料,在菇渣中加入蚓粪和蛭石,复配成育苗基质。菇渣与蛭石按8：1和4：1体积比混合的基质培育的番茄幼苗的根鲜重、根干重和为育苗基质培育番茄幼苗,[目的]研究其对番茄幼苗的生长影响特征。[结果]结果表明,相比市售基质,菇渣复配育苗基质能够明显提高番茄幼苗叶片叶绿素含量。菇渣与蚓粪、蛭石按8:1:1体比混合的育苗基质培育的番茄幼苗在茎粗、根长、根表面积、根体壮苗指数都大于市售基质。菇渣加入蚓粪、蛭石复配基质的各处理的番茄幼苗茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、总鲜重、总干重和根冠比与市售基质相比差异不显著。[结论]总之,菇渣可以作为基质材料培育番茄幼苗,添加蚓粪和蛭石都有利于提高番茄幼苗的壮苗指数。本实验条件下,推荐采用菇渣与蛭石按照8～4：1体积比复配的基质进行番茄育苗。     

蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪对改良鲫生长和肌肉营养的影响

试验分别选用赤子爱胜蚓、赤子爱胜蚓粪为添加剂,配制成7组饲料,在网箱中投喂初始体重为(90.99±1.41)g改良鲫,100 d,每组3个重复.研究赤子爱胜蚓或其蚓粪对改良鲫生长性能和肌肉营养成分的影响.结果显示:在添加蚯蚓组和添加蚓粪组中,改良鲫特定生长率分别在5.0％和4.0％处达到最大值分别为0.71±0.12和0.71±0.18.鲜蚯蚓的添加对改良鲫特定生长率影向不显著(P＞0.05).添加4.0％的蚓粪可以显著提高改良鲫的特定生长率(P＜0.05).饲料系数在添加蚯蚓组和添加蚓粪组中,分别在5.0％和4.0％处达到最低值分别为2.14±0.12和2.07±0.06.蚯蚓的添加对改良鲫饲料系数影响不显著(P＞0.05).4.0％蚓粪的添加与对照组相比可以显著降低改良鲫的饲料系数.在饲料中添加蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪皆可以提高改良鲫肌肉营养成分,但添加蚯蚓的效果更佳.赤子爱胜蚓和蚯蚓粪在改良鲫饲料中的适宜添加量分别为5.0％和4.0％.     

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and vermicompost on groundnut yield in Babile District,eastern Ethiopia

Groundnut is a major cash crop for smallholder farmers in several districts of eastern Ethiopia with low yield. Little or no fertilizer was applied for the crop possibly because no generic or recommended fertilizer and technology were available. Therefore, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive cropping seasons in Babile District, to investigate effects of applying mineral N and P fertilizer and vermicompost (VC) on seed yield and oil content of groundnut using an improved variety ‘BaHa-Gudo’. Treatments consisted of nitrogen (0,23 and 46 kg N/ha), phosphorus (0,46 and 92 kg P2O5/ha) and VC (0,2.5 and 5 t VC/ha). Results revealed that yield attributes, seed yield and seed oil content were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by fertilizers. Seed yield after combined application of 46 kg N, 46 kg P2O5 and 2.5 t VC/ha increased by about 113% compared to seed yield without any fertilizers. Enhancement in seed oil content at the aforementioned rate was 7.0%. It could, thus, be concluded that applying the aforementioned fertilizers would enable farmers to increase seed yield and oil content of groundnut for enhancing their income and livelihoods in the study area.     

施用蚯蚓粪对陕南烤烟土壤和烟叶钾营养、农艺与经济性状的影响

以云烟99为材料,研究了蚯蚓粪施用量及其方式对烤烟土壤容重、土壤和烟叶钾营养以及农艺性状和经济性状的影响,目的在于寻求适合该地区土壤改良的有效途径,进一步提升烟叶产量和品质。结果表明,穴施和条施下,蚯蚓粪不同施用量均可降低土壤容重,不同程度提高了土壤速效钾含量、成熟期鲜烟叶和烘烤后烟叶钾含量,改善了农艺性状,增加了产量、产值以及中上等烟比例。以上效果以1500 kg/hm2和穴施方式( X2)最佳。因此,蚯蚓粪不仅能够有效改善土壤结构以及钾营养,而且提高了烤烟产量和经济效益,为陕南烟区通过施用蚯蚓粪改良土壤提供了最佳用量和施用方式。     

蚯蚓在工业固体废物和杂草vermiprocessing过程中的营养循环研究

Vermicomposting is a biotechnological process that enables the recycling of organic waste materials into manure through the combined action of earthworms and mesophilic microorganisms.In this study,a 13-week experiment was carried to vermiprocess food industry sludge mixed with diferent bedding materials including two weeds,water hyacinth and parthenium,as well as cow dung,in diferent combinations employing earthworms of the species Eisenia fetida.Eight vermibins containing one kilogram of the waste mixtures (dry weight basis) were established for vermicomposting.Vermiprocessing significantly increased nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium contents of the mixtures.However,a decrease in pH,organic carbon,and C:N ratio was observed after vermiprocessing.The heavy metal contents in the vermicomposts were higher than the initial values but within permissible limits.These results indicated that the studied wastes can be converted into good quality manure by vermiprocessing,which indicated their agricultural values as a soil conditioner if mixed with weeds in appropriate ratios.     

VERMICOMPOSTING AS A NITROGEN SOURCE IN GERMINATING KIDNEY BEAN IN TRAYS

This study assessed the effectiveness of vermicompost as a germination media and nitrogen source for kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Five treatments were tested, based on the addition of increasing quantities of barren soil to vermicompost, and irrigated with four treatments of increasing urea-water solution. Chemical analysis of the different mixtures of vermicompost and barren soil were made. Percentage germination, plant growth, and foliar nitrogen assimilation were measured. Bean seeds in vermicompost germinated earlier than those planted in barren soil, but germination was less than 60% in trays with 85% and 100% vermicompost. Plants in vermicompost were taller and appeared to be healthier-looking. Plants with 0%, 50% and 85% vermicompost concentrations assimilated about 4 mg·L^?1 more nitrogen than other treatments (25% and 100%). Plants in the 85% vermicompost mixture had the best response to nitrogen assimilation.     

牛粪和蚯蚓粪对猪排泄物中臭气化合物产量的影响

该试验主要研究了添加牛粪和蚯蚓粪对猪排泄物中臭气产量的影响 ,在猪排泄物中分别添加 2个水平的牛粪和蚯蚓粪 ,并在 32℃进行厌氧发酵。试验结果表明 2 %的牛粪能将发酵中期猪排泄物中乙酸、丁酸的浓度分别降低 7倍和 2倍 (P <0 .0 1) ,但增加异戊酸、戊酸的浓度 ,直到厌氧发酵的后期 ,异戊酸和戊酸的浓度才逐渐降低 ;另外 ,2 %牛粪还能增加 3倍的生物产气量 (P <0 .0 1) ,降低 3 甲基吲哚的浓度 ;蚯蚓粪也能降低猪排泄物中对甲酚、3 甲基吲哚和部分挥发性脂肪酸的浓度 ;牛粪和蚯蚓粪均能提高猪排泄物的pH值和氨挥发 ,降低铵氮和总氮的含量。总之 ,牛粪和蚯蚓粪均能降低厌氧发酵的猪排泄物中部分臭气化合物的含量。     

餐余蚓粪替代化肥对白菜和西兰花光合、抗氧化性及品质的影响

为探讨餐余蚓粪部分替代化肥对设施白菜和西兰花生理特性、产量及品质的影响,采用田间大棚试验,以单施化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)为对照,研究在等量养分条件下,餐余蚓粪(FVF)、猪粪蚓粪(PVF)、鸡粪有机肥(CMF)3种有机肥替代40%化肥(简称有机替代)对西兰花和白菜光合特性、抗氧化性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥(CF)相比,餐余蚓粪部分替代化肥能不同程度地提高白菜和西兰花的生长、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性与品质,且对产量影响较大。与CF相比,FVF处理白菜和西兰花叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率分别增加了15.56%、11.80%和25.52%、18.74%,白菜产量增加了22.45%,可溶性蛋白和维生素含量分别增加了220.26%和24.55%。研究表明,餐余蚓粪替代40%化肥可显著改善白菜和西兰花的生理特性、产量及品质,其效果优于猪粪蚓粪和鸡粪有机肥。