长白山野菜资源的特点

重点介绍了长白山山野菜资源的种类、储量、营养、市场价格、分布等情况，为开发利用这一资源提供了一些原始资料．     

Studies on Indian Green Leafy Vegetables for Their Antioxidant Activity

To identify the potential of green leafy vegetables (GLV) as antioxidants, methanolic extracts of Amaranthus sp., Centella asiatica, Murraya koenigii and Trigonella foenum graecum were studied for their antioxidant activity in different systems at multiple concentrations. Total antioxidant activity assessed by phosphomolybdenum method, free radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenly-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity were determined. The GLV were analyzed for ascorbic acid, total and β-carotene and total polyphenol contents. The ascorbic acid, total carotene, β-carotene and total phenolic content (tannic acid equivalents) of the GLV ranged between 15.18–101.36, 34.78–64.51, 4.23–8.84 and 150.0–387.50 mg/100 g GLV, respectively. The extracts were found to have significantly different levels of antioxidant activities in the systems tested. The total antioxidant activity was highest in Murraya koenigii (2,691.78 μmol of ascorbic acid/g sample) and least in Centella asiatica (623.78 μmol of ascorbic acid/g sample). The extract concentration causing 50% inhibition of DPPH (IC₅₀) was determined (M. koenigii < C.asiatica < Amaranthus sp. < T. graecum). The maximum DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power was exhibited by Murraya koenigii. Multiple regression analysis showed that the relationship of total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, and reducing power with polyphenol and total and β-carotene was highly significant. Paper awarded the Young Scientist Award in Experimental Nutrition at the Young Scientist Award Session of the 39th Annual Meet of the Nutrition Society of India, Hyderabad, India on 15–16th Dec 2007.     

可食用野生蔬菜中纤维类物质的检测方法

依据GB/T 5009.88-2003食品中不溶性膳食纤维的测定(Determination of insoluble dietary fiber in foods)和GB/T 5009.10-2003植物类食品中粗纤维的测定(Determination of crude fiber in vegetable foods),并简化其操作步骤,对海南8种可食用野生蔬菜中的粗纤维和不溶性膳食纤维进行测定.结果表明,不同用量石油醚和α-淀粉酶对蔬菜中脂肪和淀粉进行前处理的作用不大.对测定结果几乎无影响;8种野生蔬菜中不溶性膳食纤维含量为1.5%～4.9%.粗纤维含量为0.7%～1.8%.     

短波紫外线在果蔬采后保鲜中的应用研究进展

综述了短波紫外线的作用原理和对果蔬采后品质、切分果蔬品质及微生物的作用效果与机理的研究现状,阐述了短波紫外线的安全性及未来在果蔬保鲜中的应用和机理研究发展方向,为短波紫外线在果蔬保鲜和安全控制中的研究与应用提供参考。     

蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯的残留研究

实验建立气相色谱-质谱法同时测定蔬菜（白菜、芹菜、番茄和黄瓜）中18 种邻苯二甲酸酯。初步开展对安徽省基地蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯残留监测,为指导消费者蔬菜安全膳食,向管理者提出风险管理建议提供理论依据。研究结果表明：18 种邻苯二甲酸酯的质量浓度在0.05~5.0 mg/L 范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.9972~0.9998,最小检出量(S/N=3)为0.05 ng;在0.5~5.0 mg/kg 加标水平下的该方法平均回收率为72.28%~112.57%、相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.94%~12.47%,方法可满足蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测要求。采用该方法对蔬菜基地4 种蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯进行残留风险监测,样品中检出了邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二（2-丁氧基）乙酯(DBEP)、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二壬酯(DNP),其总含量为0.20~0.72 mg/kg,而DEHP在4 种蔬菜中均有检出、残留量为0.02~0.22 mg/kg。     

都市绿叶蔬菜价格预测预警研究的思考

在明确都市绿叶蔬菜价格预测预警研究的重要性与必要性的基础上,系统梳理了国内外农产品价格预测预警相关研究涉及的农产品品种、价格类型和空间尺度,农产品价格预测预警的方法与模型,主要分析方法与模型的特点及适用条件,并对今后都市绿叶蔬菜价格预测预警研究的发展方向进行了展望。研究认为:国内外农产品价格预测预警研究取得了丰富的研究成果,但对绿叶菜价格预测预警的系统研究并不多见。应建立完善科学、规范、统一、符合预测预警需要的绿叶菜价格基础数据库,以提供高效的数据支撑。在现有技术条件下,结合预测精度、数据要求等,可以尝试选用两种以上方法建立组合模型,特别是结合季节预测模型和时间序列模型来预测绿叶菜价格,以便得出更符合实际的预测结果。应根据绿叶蔬菜特点,将其品种和所用数据的时间频率进行分类,选择相适应的预测预警模型。     

果蔬贮运学网络课程建设研究

网络课程在果蔬贮运学教学应用过程中发挥了新媒体环境下的交互功能,在提高学生的学习兴趣和效率方面取得了较好的教学效果。阐述果蔬贮运学网络课程的内容和特色,总结网络课程建设与教学经验,以期为进一步提升教学技能提供参考。     

Differential competitive and allelopathic ability of Cyperus rotundus on Solanum lycopersicum,Solanum melongena and Capsicum annuum

A 2-year greenhouse and laboratory study was conducted to investigate the competition and allelopathy between Cyperus rotundus L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., S. melongena L. and Capsicum annuum L. All crops showed low ability to withstand competition of C. rotundus and this was the reason for the reduction of their total fruit number and fruit yield by 81%–94% and 86%–96%, respectively. The aqueous extracts from C. rotundus plant parts decreased the seed germination and root length of all vegetable cultivars, indicating supplementary allelopathic activity of C. rotundus on all vegetables. The low correlation coefficient between the total fruit yield of the cultivars grown under weed-free conditions and total fruit-yield reduction due to C. rotundus interference indicates clearly that the yielding ability of the cultivars is not related with their tolerance to C. rotundus interference.     

鲜食性蔬菜农药残留对人体健康急性膳食风险评估

【研究目的】由于蔬菜生产者施用农药的水平较低,导致消费者偶然摄入含高浓度农药残留的可能性增加。【方法】以已制定急性参考剂量（ARfD值）的农药为范围,选用甘肃省平凉市2008—2011年例行检测中黄瓜等6种鲜食性蔬菜中的敌敌畏等24种农药残留资料,应用JMPR急性膳食摄入量计算方法进行了急性膳食风险评估。【结果】黄瓜中甲氰菊酯、氧乐果风险概率分别为0.2049、0.0143;番茄中甲氰菊酯风险概率为0.0714;大白菜中敌敌畏和甲氰菊酯风险概率均为0.0417;甘蓝中敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、甲氰菊酯风险概率分别为0.0930、0.0385、0.0370;青椒中甲氰菊酯风险概率为0.0217;长辣椒中敌敌畏风险概率为0.0526。【结论】甲氰菊酯、氧乐果、敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷4种农药有急性膳食风险,其他农药均无急性膳食风险。     

分散固相萃取净化果蔬中四聚乙醛残留量的LC-MSMS测定

建立了改进的分散固相萃取(DSPE)提取净化、测定水果和蔬菜中四聚乙醛残留量的液相色谱串联质谱方法。前处理过程:样品经乙腈提取后,取2mL上清液与PSA(100mg),和MgSO4(300mg)吸附净化剂涡旋振荡1min;再离心5min(3 000r/min);取全部上清液过0.22μm有机膜,由LC-MSMS检测。分析采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱分离,乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液作为流动相洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。四聚乙醛在0.002~1.00mg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性,线性相关系数0.99;方法检出限为0.002 5mg/kg;定量限为0.01mg/kg。添加浓度为0.01、0.10、1.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率在83.7%~116.4%之间;相对标准偏差为0.81%~6.21%。