茄科蔬菜种子活力测定的研究

本试验选择茄科的茄子、番茄和辣椒各3个品种，于1993年—1995年进行了活力测定的研究。结果表明：控制劣变测定法、盆栽幼苗检验法和发芽测定法在测定茄科3种作物的种子活力水平、判断种子的耐藏性方面是行之有效的方法；四唑（TTC）定量法、电导率测定法也可测定3种作物种子的活力水平，但不能反映种子个体活力水平，只能反映种子群体的活力水平。此外，本试验总结出了茄科的茄子、番茄和辣椒种子在控制劣变测定种子活力时所要求的特定含水量，分别为22．0％、21．0％和19．0％。     

Combining ability between lines of Cucumis sativus L. and Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef

Summary Three Cucumis sativus L. (CS) lines adapted to USA growing conditions were used as female parents in crosses to one line each of seven Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (CH) accessions used as male parents to determine the relative combining ability of the CH accessions for six horticultural characters. The 21 F₁ progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design in two locations and evaluated for fruit number, lateral branch number, fruit length, fruit length/diameter ratio, number of female flowering nodes, and days to anthesis. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all characters in each location. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for all characters except days to anthesis in one location and lateral branch number in both locations. Significant location × combining ability interactions were also evident for several characters. Results suggest that CH may be useful for improving fruit yield in commercial cucumber, but that limitations may lie in the attainment of acceptable fruit.Research supported by the College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison; USDA, ARS, and by funds from Pickle Packers Intl., Inc. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee of warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its improval to the exclusion of the other products or vendors that may also be suitable.     

TM影像中大棚菜地信息提取技术研究

大棚菜地在我国北方呈不断发展之势,快速、准确地获取其面积及分布状况,是蔬菜业健康发展和科学管理的客观需求。为探索快速准确的大棚菜地信息提取技术方法,以山东省青州市为例,采用TM数字图像,深入分析各主要地物光谱特征的基础上,构建了能够突出反映大棚菜地信息的大棚菜地指数模型,同时通过对图像的分区、掩膜处理,以及研究区背景数据及专家知识的应用,准确提取了大棚菜地信息。结果显示:青州市2002年4月14日的大棚菜地面积为21375.4hm2,集中分布于青州东北部平原区的谭坊、郑母、黄楼等乡镇。本研究技术方法对于大棚菜地信息的遥感提取有积极参考价值,为研究区及山东蔬菜业的合理发展提供重要技术支撑。     

安塞县水土保持型生态农业建设探索

简述了水土保持型生态农业的概念和其建设原则。安塞县水土保持型生态农业应以水土保持为前提，以乡土树种为主，适地适树，适地适林，搞好植被建设；加强梯田、淤地坝建设，扩大杂粮生产，实现粮食自给。同时应加强果园建设与管护，加强畜牧建设，稳定设施蔬菜栽培面积，建立商品性果树、畜牧和设施蔬菜产业。     

退耕对滇池湖滨土壤理化性质与无机磷分布的影响

[目的]明晰退耕对滇池湖滨土壤理化性质和土壤磷素形态分布的影响,进而评价退耕的土壤恢复效应和环境效应。[方法]采用空间代替时间的研究方法,对比研究滇池湖滨缓冲带和设施农田剖面土壤理化性质以及无机磷剖面分布特征,并且以滇池湖滨3个区域(牛恋、海埂、兴隆)相同退耕方式为对照进行研究。[结果]退耕3a后,牛恋缓冲带浅表地下水埋深明显变浅,土壤有机碳和全氮含量明显增加,土壤全磷,Olsen-P,Al-P和Fe-P含量均明显降低,O-P含量明显增加。但是浅表地下水埋深较深的海埂缓冲带土壤理化性质和无机磷组分没有发生明显变化。兴隆缓冲带土壤有机碳和全氮含量明显降低。3a内退耕没有直接对土壤理化性质和无机磷组分产生明显影响,浅表地下水埋深改变是影响土壤恢复和无机磷组分变化的直接原因之一。[结论]滇池湖滨缓冲带和设施农田土壤磷素均存在淋失风险,退耕活动通过抬高浅表地下水位加速土壤磷素淋失从而降低土壤潜在淋失风险。     

对臭氧在温室蔬菜生产上应用的质疑

该文综合分析国内外有关近地面臭氧伤害作物,臭氧污染呈上升趋势的资料,以及对温室臭氧状况做尝试性监测后认为,因光化学反应,温室环境会存在臭氧污染,其浓度有可能达到伤害作物的程度.温室臭氧规律有待深入调查.温室中使用臭氧气体防治病虫害是个错误.     

酥醪菜、福田菜心、耙齿萝卜的航天诱变育种研究初报

经“神舟 4号”搭载的罗浮山酥醪菜、福田菜心和耙齿萝卜种子在田间种植试验结果表明 :其SP1、SP2 代均表现一定数量的变异 ,通过进一步的筛选有望选出优良的新品种。     

大同市区主要蔬菜生产基地环境质量评价分级

对山西省大同市区主要蔬菜生产基地进行环境质量评价及其分级结果表明,该区主要蔬菜生产基地环境质量总体优良,完全满足目前国家所规定的无公害蔬菜或绿色食品产地环境质量的要求。     

菜地土壤中氮肥的反硝化损失和N2O排放

A field experiment was conducted on Chinese cabbage （Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis （Lour.） Olsson） in a Nanjing suburb in 2003. The experiment included 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates： zero chemical fertilizer N （CK）; urea at rates of 300 kg N ha^-1 （U300） and 600 kg N ha^-1 （U600）, both as basal and two topdressings; and polymer-coated urea at a rate of 180 kg N ha^-1 （PCU180） as a basal application. The acetylene inhibition technique was used to measure denitrification （N2 ＋ N2O） from intact soil cores and N2O emissions in the absence of acetylene. Results showed that compared to （3K total denitrification losses were significantly greater （P ≤ 0.05） in the PCU180, U300, and U600 treatments,while N2O emissions in the U300 and U600 treatments were significantly higher （P ≤ 0.05） than （3K. In the U300 and U600 treatments peaks of denitrification and N2O emission were usually observed after N application. In the polymer-coated urea treatment （PCU180） during the period 20 to 40 days after transplanting, higher denitrification rates and N2O fluxes occurred. Compared with urea, polymer-coated urea did not show any effect on reducing denitrification losses and N2O emissions in terms of percentage of applied N. As temperature gradually decreased from transplanting to harvest, denitrification rates and N2O emissions tended to decrease. A significant （P ≤0.01） positive correlation occurred between denitrification （r = 0.872） or N2O emission （r = 0.781） flux densities and soil temperature in the CK treatment with a stable nitrate content during the whole growing season.