Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Collection of Chinese Barley Varieties

One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre, Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources.     

利用基因芯片技术筛选棉纤维伸长相关基因

从回交近交系(backcross inbred lines, BIL)群体中选取纤维长度差异较大的两个系NMGA-062 (33.03 mm)和 NMGA-140 (25.87 mm),利用Affymetrix棉花基因芯片,分析其开花后10 d (DPA, days post anthesis)棉纤维伸长相关基因表达谱。在24 029条转录本中,两材料间差异表达的转录本有7 282条,占总数的30.31%;其中差异表达倍数在2倍或2倍以上的转录本有3 993条,占筛选转录本总数的16.62%,功能分类表明这些转录本主要包括功能预测基因(15.57%)、翻译、核糖体结构相关基因(13.54%)和翻译后修饰、蛋白质转换相关基因(9.29%)3大类。为了验证芯片数据的可信性,8个差异表达显著的基因(Ghi.10655.1.S1_s_at, ACO1, ARF1, SAHH, TUA6, TUA7, β-tub1, β-tub10)被用于实时荧光定量PCR。两种检测手段表现出一致性。随后,利用实时荧光定量PCR对3个与棉纤维相关基因(ARF1, β-tub1, β-tub10)在纤维发育不同时期(5、10、15、20和25 DPA)的表达模式进行了研究,结果表明,3个基因在纤维伸长发育时期(10和15 DPA)大量表达,推测这3个基因可能与棉纤维伸长有重要关系。     

QTL analysis of photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat by using markers for expressed sequence tags and photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes

Photoperiod sensitivity is an important trait related to crop adaptation and ecological breeding in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Although photoperiod sensitivity in this species is thought to be controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), no genes or regions related to photoperiod sensitivity had been identified until now. Here, we identified QTLs controlling photoperiod sensitivity by QTL analysis in a segregating F₄ population (n = 100) derived from a cross of two autogamous lines, 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self and C0408-0 RP. The F₄ progenies were genotyped with three markers for photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes, which were identified based on homology to photoperiod-sensitivity genes in Arabidopsis and 76 expressed sequence tag markers. Among the three photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes (FeCCA1, FeELF3 and FeCOL3) identified in common buckwheat, FeELF3 was associated with photoperiod sensitivity. Two EST regions, Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6, were associated with photoperiod sensitivity and explained 20.0% and 14.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. For both EST regions, the allele from 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self led to early flowering. An epistatic interaction was also confirmed between Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6. These results demonstrate that photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat is controlled by a pathway consisting of photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes as well as multiple gene action.     

3个小麦品种抗白粉病基因的等位性分析

研究了小麦品种黔丰3号、肯贵阿和81-7241对白粉菌411菌株的抗性遗传和基因的等位关系。结果表明,3个抗源品种与感病品种绵阳15号杂交后,其F_1、F_2及B_1F_1的抗性反应表明,它们各具有一对显性抗性基因。抗亲杂交等位性测定表明,各组合的F_2群体均有少数感病植株出现,其抗、感比为15:1,说明各抗性基因是非等位的。根据不同毒性的白粉菌株接种各品种的反应型差异,也间接证明了各抗性基因不相同。     

层次灰色准优势分析模型及应用

灰色准优势分析是重要的系统分析方法之一。为了克服已有灰色准优势分析模型没有考虑不同系统行为特征重要性差异及不能应用于由多层次相关因素构成的复杂系统分析的局限性,本引入加权平均合成法构造了复杂系统不同层次上相关因素绝对关联度的计算方法,建立了具有更广泛应用领域的层次灰色准优势分析模型,并以江苏省科技系统为例进行实证分析,验证了所建模型的有效性和实用性。本的结果拓展了灰色准优势分析的应用范围,为科学分析由多层次相关因素构成的复杂系统提供了一个新途径。     

烟草白肋型与正常绿叶型之间叶绿体性状差异的遗传研究

利用普通烟草(Nicotiana, tabacum L.)的正常绿叶型烟草和白肋型烟草品种,按安量性状遗传研究的完全双列杂交组合的設计所进行的研究表明:1.烟草叶绿素含量的遗传为部分显性的核基因所控制,白肋型的基因型并非前人报道的那样只是两对隐性重叠基因,还可能存在一些隐性的微效修饰基因;2.白肋型的叶绿体基粒数及其片层结构均较绿叶型减少,同是隐性核基因突变的结果;3.烟草叶绿体希尔反应活性受核基因的控制。F_1光活性表现明显的杂种优势,是核基因杂合性的反映;4.同前人的研究结果一样,普通烟草RuBp羧化酶的合成受核基因和叶绿体基因的双重控制,但本研究结果指出,白肋型和绿时型之间RuBp羧化酶的大亚基等电点聚焦电泳带存在差異,說明两者控制大亚基合成的叶绿体基因有了一定程度的分化。     

高强纤维双价抗虫杂交棉苏杂3号品种特性分析

分析了高强纤维双价转基因抗虫杂交棉苏杂3号的品种特性,结果显示:①苏杂3号纤维强力高、品质优,HVICC纤维长度30.3 mm、比强度34.3 cN/tex、整齐度85.2%、伸长率7.1%、马克隆值4.6、反射率77%、黄度8.1、纺纱均匀性指数158;②苏杂3号综合抗病虫性能好,抗棉铃虫、高抗红铃虫、高耐枯萎病、耐黄萎病;③苏杂3号产量水平高,子棉单产3 359.4 kg/hm2,比对照泗棉3号增产15.14%;皮棉单产1 304.7 kg/hm2,比对照增产0.37%。苏杂3号集高强纤维、高产、抗虫于一体,是新一类型的高品质国产双价抗虫杂交棉。抗虫蛋白试剂条检测显示,苏杂3号具有B t毒蛋白的高阳性表达。PCR检测结果表明,苏杂3号含有中国合成构建的外源B t CpTI双价杀虫基因片段。     

藤黄微球菌AD3的阿特拉津降解基因检测与分析

为了获得高效稳定的阿特拉津基因,分离出更多的阿特拉津降解菌,试验采用PCR基因扩增和氮源利用方法,对AD3菌株的阿特拉津降解基因进行了检测和测序,并与其他菌株阿特拉津降解基因的序列进行了比较。结果表明：Micrococcus luteus AD3菌株含有阿特拉津降解基因trzN,atzB,atzC和atzDEF。其中trzN基因中心区的序列与Arthrobacter sp.TC1的trzN完全相同,atzB和atzC基因中心区的序列与Pseudomonas sp.ADP的atzB和atzC完全相同。AD3菌株能以氰脲酸为唯一氮源生长,Micrococcus luteus AD3菌株能将阿特拉津彻底降解成CO2和NH3。     

绿色荧光蛋白基因在植病研究中的应用

综述了绿色荧光蛋白基因在植物病害研究中的应用及进展。重点分析了绿色荧光蛋白基因在病原菌的检测、侵染与定殖、致病基因的表达及构建抗性植株的筛选中的应用,提出了绿色荧光蛋白基因在应用中存在的问题以及在植物病害研究领域展现出的巨大潜力。     

植物LEA蛋白与Lea基因表达

LEA蛋白与Lea基因是当前植物胚胎学以及逆境生理学研究的热点之一.本文主要介绍植物LEA蛋白的性质、类型、结构、功能以及Lea基因表达的相关研究进展,并初步分析了其广泛的应用前景.