Additive gene action for resistance to Puccinia striiformis F.SP. Tritici in Triticum dicoccoides

Summary Seven single-plant selections of wild emmer, with temperature-sensitive minor-effect genes for stripe rust resistance, were intercrossed in eight combinations. The resulting progenies were studied for a possible additive gene action.The transgressive segregation towards resistance in F₂ observed in all the combinations indicates that additive gene action for resistance indeed occurs in wild emmer. The common occurrence of this phenomenon in random combinations suggests further that several minor-effect genes are involved.Following selection of the most resistant plants in F₂, a marked shift towards resistance was noted in F₃, which demonstrates a positive response to selection. In some instances, additive resistance selected for (in F₂) at the high temperature-profile was expressed (in F₃) also at the low temperature-profile. This kind of resistance, when utilized in breeding programmes, promises therefore to be effective over a range of temperatures.     

A melon genotype with superior competence for regeneration and transformation

Transformation efficiency of melon is low and is still regarded as a challenge. In this paper, the regeneration and transformation response of ‘BU‐21/3′, a newly characterized melon breeding line, is described. The line seems to be superior in this regard to previously evaluated genotypes. Agrobacterium‐mediated delivery of the GUS or GFP reporter genes into cotyledon explants was used to evaluate efficiency of transient and stable transformation. Good transient expression was observed, and stable transformation frequencies of 0.4‐1.5 transgenic shoots per explant were obtained. Transgenic plantlets were transferred to a contained greenhouse as early as 8‐10 weeks after transformation. Transgenic plants are fertile and exhibit a true‐to‐type phenotype. The ‘BU‐21/3’ line may become a useful tool for the facilitation of transgenic breeding in melon.     

RFLP mapping of QTLs for photoperiod response in tropical sorghum

Genetic control of flowering time in sorghum was investigated using a recombinant inbred lines population derived from a cross between IS 2807, a slightly photoperiod sensitive tropical caudatum landrace, and IS 7680,a highly photoperiod sensitive tropical guinea landrace. Progenies were sown with their parents at six different dates between 1995 and 1997 in Burkina Faso. Direct field measures and synthetic measures derived from the implementation of a model were used to characterize the photoperiod response. Emphasis was put to identify the most relevant traits to account for Basic Vegetative Phase (BVP) and photoperiod sensitivity sensus stricto. One QTL was detected on Linkage Group (LG) F for the traits related to BVP. Two QTLs were detected on LGs C and H for the traits related to the photoperiod sensitivity sensus stricto. This gives credit to at least partially independent genetic determinisms for those two components of photoperiod response. Evidences for possible orthology of the QTLs detected here with other QTLs and major genes involved in flowering time of sorghum and rice are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effectiveness of Twenty-Four Barley Resistance Genes Against Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal) in Spain

Twenty-four near-isogenic barley lines, with a cv.‘Pallas’ background, carrying different mildew resistance genes were subjected in 1987, 1989 and 1990 to natural infection by the pathogen at several different and contrasting Spanish sites in order to study its virulence. The virulence genes proved to be geographically grouped into three regions: western (Valladolid), southern (Sevilla) and northern and northeastern (Navarra, Lleida and Girona). The mildew population of Lleida was more variable when compared with Navarra and Valladolid. Overall, the most effective resistance genes were: Ml-a13 + Ml-(Ru3), mlo and Ml-(1402).     

Genes for Resistance to Yellow Rust in Seedlings of Wheat Cultivars from Pakistan Tested with British Isolates of Puccinia striiformis

Seedlings of 26 wheat caltivars from Pakistan were tested with 18 British races of P. striiformis. It is postulated that the race-specific genes Yr6, Yr7, Yr9 and perhaps Yr2 were present among the cultivars, and that there was other resistance not controlled by these genes.     

Resistance to the gall mite and American gooseberry mildew in black currants in relation to season of leafing out

Summary In black currant (Ribes nigrum) backcross progenies segregating for resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw. (gene Ce from Ribes grossularia L.), and to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae (Schw.) Berk. (gene Sph ₃from R. glutinosum), significant differences in season of leafing out occurred between the resistant and susceptible classes. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that two additive genes, Lf ₁and Lf ₂, controlled season of leafing out and that Ce and Sph ₃ were linked with Lf ₁.     

Indentification of true genetic dwarfing sources in foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.)

Summary True genetic dwarfs hither-to not reported have been located in foxtail millet. The dwarfs as a group distinguished themselves from the talls in having altered constellation of characters. The morphological differences were highly significant for plant height, internodal length, and tillering potential. The talls had elongated internodes compared to dwarfs while there was no difference for node number on the main stem suggesting that short internodal length was primarily responsible for dwarfism. The dwarfs also showed slightly higher leaf number per plant, leaf area and harvest index compared to talls. The dwarfs were insensitive to exogenous GA₃ application indicating that GA₃ synthesis is not impaired. This suggests that dwarfing gene sources presently identified are true genetic dwarfs and their behaviour is similar to dwarfs derived from Norin 10 in wheat and Dee-geo-woo-gen in rice. The superior morphological frame makes these dwarfs ideal as far as plant type is concerned and offers immense potentialities in breeding high yielding foxtail millets.     

Linkage relationships among loci controlling morphological traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Summary Linkage among loci controlling various morphological traits in cowpea were determined using F₂ progenies. Data were collected on individual plants of four crosses segregating for several loci. Recombination estimates between the following pairs of loci were as follows: Sw (swollen vs normal stem base)-Fbc (cream vs green flower buds) (41±4.8%), Pu^s(purple vs green stems)-Cbr (cocoa-brown vs straw-yellow dry pods) (31±5.7%), Pu^p(purple vs green immature pods)-Cbr (30±5.7%), Pu^s-Pu^p (4±1.5%), Ndt (non-determinate vs determinate)-Pd (peduncle colour) (26±2.8%), Ndt-Hg (semi-erect vs erect plant type) (26±2.8%), P^t(purple vs green pod tips)-Bk (greyish-black vs straw-yellow dry pods) (19±2.4%) and Hg-Bpd (normal vs branching peduncle (24±9.5%). Four linkage groups (LG) were identified in these studies. The proposed LG I contained loci Sw and Fbc; LG II loci Pu^s, Pu^p, and Cbr; LG III loci Pd, Ndt, Gh, and Bpd; and LG IV loci P^tand Bk.     

棉花Bt转基因品系的配合力和杂种优势表现

五个转基因品系和受体冀棉321配制成双列杂交,通过对产量性状和纤维品质的两年试验分析,结果发现:与受体品种相比,转基因品系的农艺性状有显著变化,说明转基因过程也会使部分农艺性状得到改善。转基因品系间的一般配合力有显著差异,其中有两个品系表现显著的正向一般配合力。杂交种F1的表现也呈现显著差异;两个不同转基因品系间的杂种优势,低于转基因品系与受体品种间的杂种优势。这些变异可能是Bt插入引起的,不同插入位点的相互作用可能会降低杂种优势。     

来自野生二粒小麦IW3和IW10的两个白粉病基因的鉴定及SSR标记定位

野生二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccoides)是小麦抗病育种的重要资源库之一。来自以色列Mount Hermon的野生二粒小麦材料IW3 和IW10对我国小麦白粉病菌生理小种E09表现高抗。对硬粒小麦Langdon与IW3和IW10两个杂交组合F₂分离群体和F₃家系的遗传分析表明,IW3和IW10对小麦白粉菌E09的抗性均受显性单基因控制,暂被命名为MlIW3和MlIW10。采用BSA法和SSR标记分析,筛选到与抗白粉病基因MlIW3和MlIW10连锁的5个SSR标记,这两个基因均位于Xbarc84和Xwmc326之间,顺序为Xbarc84–4.6 cM–MlIW3–1.6 cM–Xwmc326和Xbarc84–6.6 cM–MlIW10–0.6 cM–Xwmc326。根据SSR分子标记的遗传图谱和在中国春的缺体—四体、双端体和缺失系的定位结果,这两个抗白粉病基因被定位在3BL染色体的末端。根据MlIW3和MlIW10的来源和分子标记定位结果,推断这两个基因可能是小麦抗白粉病基因Pm41或其等位基因或位于同一个基因簇中。