利用双向电泳技术分析山羊精子冷冻前后蛋白组的差异

建立稳定的山羊精子蛋白质双向电泳的技术平台，对精子上样量、蛋白质提取方法、二维电泳程序等相关技术都进行了优化，得到了相对清晰的冻精和鲜精的二维电泳图谱，并运用ImageMaster TM 2D Platinum软件进行了分析。结果表明：通过改进的热Trizol法提取山羊精子蛋白，当取精子3×10^7、上样量为150μL时能取得较好的电泳图谱，鲜精的蛋白位点重复性较高的有650个±10个，冻精的蛋白位点重复性较高的有600个±10个。冷冻导致精子蛋白丢失约50个，而且冻精多表现为大分子量蛋白的丢失，大部分分布于60～100kb之间，其中60～80kb之间蛋白丢失约18个，80～100kb之间蛋白丢失近20个，12～60kb之间蛋白丢失近12个。实验初步探明了山羊精子融冻前后精子的蛋白变化规律，为进一步了解精子冷冻损伤的确切机理奠定了基础。     

复配高效灭蟑胶饵对蟑螂的防治效果研究

[目的]测定复配高效灭蟑胶饵的防治效果。[方法]采用粘捕法进行现场蟑螂密度测定,现场施用复配高效灭蟑胶饵,观察施药前后蟑螂密度变化,评价杀灭效果。[结果]蟑螂种类均为德国小蠊,并且操作间中蟑螂密度最高。施用该灭蟑胶饵后,蟑螂平均在1.25 min就可以寻找到食物并且在6.50 min出现中毒现象,19.50 min后死亡;施药8 d后,灭杀率达80%以上;60 d后灭杀率达95%以上。[结论]该胶饵1次投药后对蟑螂有良好的杀灭效果,使用方便、安全,可推广应用。     

意大利蜜蜂（A.m.ligustica）雄蜂卵期发育蛋白质组分析

【目的】对原种意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola,1806)（意蜂）雄蜂的3 d卵期发育进行蛋白质组研究,以探明该蜂种雄蜂卵期蛋白质表达调控方面的一些特点,从而揭示其发育的分子机理。【方法】采用双向电泳法对意蜂雄蜂卵期蛋白质组进行研究。【结果】3 d的卵期发育中,按顺序分别检测到200、242、233个蛋白,这些蛋白的分子量在12.42～169.60 kD,等电点为4.50～9.00。164个蛋白在3 d卵期发育过程中均有表达,其中79 个蛋白在3 个日龄的表达量无显著差异（P＞0.05）,7个共有蛋白表达量随卵期发育呈显著上调（P＜0.05）趋势,而4个共有蛋白呈显著下调（P＜0.05）趋势。同时卵期3 d分别有11、18和18个特异的蛋白表达。除共有及特有蛋白外,还有17个蛋白在第1 日龄和第2日龄表达而在第3 日龄关闭;43个蛋白在第2日龄和第3日龄表达而在第1日龄关闭;仅有8个蛋白在第2日龄关闭,而在第1日龄和第3日龄表达。【结论】结果初步表明意蜂雄蜂卵期发育过程中第2日龄蛋白表达最为活跃;卵期3 d所表达的共有蛋白,可能是调控意蜂雄蜂卵期发育所必需的保守蛋白,这些蛋白的表达模式存在一定的差异;不同日龄表达的特异性蛋白,表明不同发育阶段的卵需要不同的特异性蛋白来调控。同时也表明雄蜂卵期发育较工蜂卵表达的保守蛋白更多,这将给蜜蜂的基因改良带来便利。     

新疆军垦型细毛羊MHC基因临近区段3个遗传标记的研究

比较基因组学是基因组学的重要分支,现已成研究生物基因组的最重要的策略与手段.研究发现绵羊与牛及山羊之间基因组序列的同源性或同线性程度要高于其他物种,能利用牛和山羊的基因组研究结果进行比较基因组学研究,进而阐明绵羊的基因组功能.试验采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术,对新疆军垦型细毛羊20号染色体MHC基因邻近区段的DMB_EX2、MCMA36、CP73 三个分子标记分别进行了PCR产物的检测、测序和同源性比对.结果表明,这3个序列均与相关物种的对应序列具有很高的同源性:DMB_EX2与牛的对应序列的同源性为89;,MCMA36与山羊的对应序列的同源性为97;,CP73与羊的对应序列的同源性为96;.     

棉花SSR分子标记体系优化研究

研究以陆海杂交棉为试材,研究了SSR检测体系中PCR扩增的各主要成分对检测结果的影响,确立了适宜的退火温度和反应体积,改进了PCR扩增程序,进一步优化了适用于棉花的SSR检测体系.同时,对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶银染程序作了调整,优化后的棉花SSR检测程序可得到条带强度适中、对比度好的结果.     

Rheological properties of kafirin and zein prolamins

The possibility of forming dough from kafirin was investigated and laboratory prepared kafirin was formed into a viscoelastic dough system. Measurements with Contraction Flow showed that dough systems prepared from kafirin and from commercial zein had the required extensional rheological properties for baking of leavened bread. The extensional viscosity and strain hardening of the kafirin and zein dough systems were similar to those of gluten and wheat flour doughs. The kafirin dough system, however, unlike the zein dough system rapidly became very stiff. The stiffening behaviour of the kafirin dough system was presumed to be caused by cross-linking of kafirin monomers. SDS-PAGE showed that the kafirin essentially only contained α- and γ-kafirin, whereas the zein essentially only contained α-zein. Since γ-kafirin contains more cysteine residues than the α-prolamin it is more likely to form disulphide cross-links, which probably caused the differences in stiffening behaviour between kafirin and zein dough systems. Overall the kafirin dough system displayed rheological properties sufficient for baking of porous bread. Kafirin like zein appears to have promising properties for making non-gluten leavened doughs.     

地质因素影响下低丘茶园土壤结构的形成与演变

低丘陵区茶园成土母质以中更新世(Q2)红土为主.由于其中大量氧化铁、铝凝胶的作用,耕作后常出现一特殊的疏松层,容重仅1.0左右,它有保温,保湿,作物易发根等良好作用.试验证明:红壤在熟化过程中,有机质使铁、铝凝胶溶出,疏松层会转为板结.本文提出若干不同于传统的认识:不能笼统地说红壤结构不良;新垦茶地上,应合理利用疏松层的作用,并适当保护;也不应时时提倡破壳中耕松土.     

秦川牛血液型与生长性状的关系研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定了秦川牛(151头)血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白 (Tf)、后转铁蛋白 (PTf)、血清白蛋白(Alb)和后白蛋白(Pa)的遗传多态性。结果证明秦川牛Hb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Tf 位点受4个等显性基因支配;严PTf 位点受2个等位基因支配;Alb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Pa位点受2个等位基因支配。并在此基础上,分析了各多态位点不同基因型与秦川牛生长性状的关系。结果表明,HbAA型秦川母牛12月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于HbAB型母牛(P＜0.05 )。PTfFF 型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于PTfSS型母牛(P＜0.05 )。AlbBB型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重显著高于AlbAA 型母牛(P＜0.05)。而且血红蛋白与运铁蛋白组合基因型以HbAA/TfDD型母牛的初生重大,HbAB/TfDD 型 母牛的12月龄体重、18 月龄体重、24 月龄体重大。AlbB基因对A基因的替代平均效应值为12月龄体重3.9510kg,18 月龄体重1.3786kg。说明秦川牛HbAA 型母牛的AFS、AFC极显著早于其它表现型母牛,HbA频率为0.838;这与一些早熟品种,短角牛HbA1.000, 日本黑牛HbA0.975,朝鲜牛HbA0.895B频率高相一致.此种现象可能系秦川牛早熟性的遗传背景。最后,制定出各位点优势基因对基因型育种值的回归方程。说明秦川牛中Hb、Tf、PTf、Alb位点的不同表现型生长性状显著相关。     

Efficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)-laboratory studies

The insecticidal activity of a cockroach gel bait containing a chitin synthesis inhibitor, noviflumuron, was evaluated using laboratory and field strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Noviflumuron gel bait (0.01-5 mg g(-1)) caused > or = 90% nymphal mortality to laboratory and field strains of B. germanica in choice tests after 11 and 19 days of continuous exposure respectively. In 1 m x 1 m bioassay arenas, laboratory strain B. germanica population levels exposed to 5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait or 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait were significantly lower than untreated population levels after 3 weeks and 1 week of exposure respectively. Various noviflumuron bait exposure periods (2, 4 and 7 weeks) caused similar population reductions, with a mean of 99.3 (+/- 0.3)% at 7 weeks. Fipronil gel bait caused 100% population reduction at 2 weeks post-exposure. The control population increased 89.0% at 7 weeks. In a simulated kitchen experiment with mixed stage laboratory populations, cockroach trap catches decreased 96.8 (+/- 2.0)% at 8 weeks in the 0.5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait treatment. The trap catches in the control increased 506.5 (+/- 493.7)% during the same period. Trap catch reduction by 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait reached 100% at 4 weeks. Noviflumuron bait caused significantly lower nymph/total ratios to B. germanica populations in bioassay arenas from 2 weeks after exposure, demonstrating its effectiveness as a control agent for B. germanica with a pattern of activity similar to that expected from a chitin synthesis inhibitor.     

Allelic variants of granule-bound starch synthase proteins in European bread wheat varieties

The composition of 324 European wheat cultivars were analysed at the three granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS I) loci. Protein separation was first made by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE. A specific two‐dimensional (2D) electrophoresis (immobilized pH gradient × SDS‐PAGE) using an Immobiline dry strip in the first dimension was developed to resolve the GBSS I proteins more clearly and to confirm some results. Very low polymorphism was found. Among the 324 cultivars analysed, only one carried a Wx‐A1 null allele (Wx‐A1b) and none was found to have the Wx‐2D null allele. As described in the literature the Wx‐B1 locus was more polymorphic and the null allele was encountered in 11 cultivars. The use of 2D electrophoresis allowed us to find another type of variant which presented as having thicker band with same mobility as the Wx‐D1 protein in SDS‐PAGE. Twelve per cent of the cultivars analysed presented this band and could have been previously mistaken for cultivars carrying the Wx‐B1 null allele. Indeed this band probably corresponded to the Wx‐B1? or Wx‐B1e allele overlapping with the Wx‐D1a allele in SDS‐PAGE.