嗜酸乳杆菌的亚油酸异构酶基因克隆及其pMG36e表达载体的构建

以嗜酸乳杆菌基因组为模板,对亚油酸异构酶基因进行PCR,PCR产物克隆到pMD-19T质粒中,经菌落PCR、酶切分析和DNA测序鉴定克隆成功后,亚克隆入乳酸菌表达质粒pMG36e,构建乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e-LAI并转化到大肠杆菌DH5α中,经菌落PCR和酶切分析初步证明表达载体pMG36e-LAI构建成功。该研究为利用工程菌工业化生产高产量、高活性亚油酸异构酶制剂来生产CLA奠定基础。     

Expression of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase genes and accumulation of corresponding flavonoids during fruit maturation of Guoqing No. 4 satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow)

Chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) are two key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. They were both cloned from Guoqing No. 4 satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow), and their relative expression and accumulation of corresponding flavonoid components during fruit maturation were investigated by real-time PCR and HPLC techniques, respectively. During fruit maturation, expression of CHS and CHI genes declined gradually in peels, as well as the concentrations of total flavonoids, trans-chalcone, narirutin and hesperidin; in pulps, however, expression of both genes showed an approximately uptrend, and the concentrations of total flavonoids and those three components were detected in a lower level without significant changes among different developmental periods (P < 0.05). This research confirmed that expression of CHS and CHI genes was positively correlated with flavonoid accumulation and overexpression of them could be a potential approach to produce massive desired flavonoids in citrus fruits.     

Modification of Secondary Metabolism and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Under Phosphate Deficiency in Bean Roots

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphate deficiency on enzymatic activities and on compounds of the secondary metabolism linked with the production of root exudates in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cv. ‘Bianco di Bagnasco.’ Phosphate deficiency induced a decrease in root total soluble phenolic content, but also caused an increase in total soluble phenolic content of exudates. Alteration of phenolic production was paralleled by increased activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and decreased activity of chalcone isomerase (CHI) in roots. Two isoflavonoids daidzein and naringenin, have been detected in roots; they are considered signal molecules in the chemical trafficking with soil microorganisms. Naringenin content was reduced by phosphorus (P) deficiency, due to lower activity of CHI, the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis. On the other hand, daidzein content was higher in –P plants than in the control. The results are discussed, considering the possible roles of phenolics and flavonoids in plant-soil microbe interactions and rizosphere modification.     

大豆查尔酮异构酶基因的克隆及粟酒裂殖酵母表达载体的构建

利用RT-PCR克隆Ⅱ型大豆查尔酮异构酶基因(CHI1A),然后将目的片段与克隆载体pMD18-T质粒相连接,检测后将目的基因重组于粟酒裂殖酵母表达载体pESP-2的MCS序列之中,使用电击法将重组质粒转化进入粟酒裂殖酵母中,用PCR和双酶切的方法来检测试验结果,表明获得了CHI1A完整开放阅读框(670bp),与已报道序列(NO:AY595413)的同源性达到99%。PCR和酶切鉴定表明,CHI1A已导入到酵母表达载体中。查尔酮异构酶基因的克隆、粟酒裂殖酵母表达载体的构建,为该基因的应用提供了依据。有望利用基因工程技术将该基因重组于酵母基因组中并表达目的蛋白,以此来催化合成黄酮和异黄酮类化合物。     

植物查尔酮异构酶的生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学方法和工具对GenBank中的洋葱、豌豆、番茄和茶等植物的黄酮类化合物合成关键酶查尔酮异构酶(CHI)的核酸和氨基酸序列进行了比对、分析和建模,进而对其分子结构、理化性质、亚细胞定位、蛋白转运肽、跨膜结构域、疏水性、分子系统进化、蛋白质二级和三级结构等重要参数进行了预测和推理.结果表明:该类酶基因的全长包括5'、3'非翻译区和一个开放阅读框,无蛋白转运肽,且定位于细胞质基质,是一个疏水性蛋白,二级结构均以随机卷曲和α-螺旋为主要构件,洋葱和豌豆的CHI三维建模成功.     

查尔酮合酶与查尔酮异构酶基因特征及转基因应用

查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶一起构成了黄酮类化合物生物合成的限速酶.底物先是由查尔酮合酶的作用形成袖皮素查尔酮化合物,然后再由查尔酮异构酶异构化成不同的黄酮类化合物.查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶广泛存在于多种植物中,涉及了苯丙氨酸代谢途径中各种具有防御性产物的生物合成,在植物的抗菌机制、抗胁迫、细胞的发育和分化、色素的积累和外源基因的表达等方面起着重要的作用.就查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶的结构特点、编码基因的克隆及序列特征、基因的表达调控以及转基因应用等方面进行了系统的综述,并对其今后进一步的研究提出了适宜的建议.     

嗜酸乳杆菌突变株产共轭亚油酸异构酶的纯化研究

以嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM和Lakcid作为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变及化学诱变筛选得到突变株.代谢亚油酸生成共轭亚油酸(CLA),研究转化过程中的关键性酶-亚油酸异构酶的酶学性质,采用硫酸铵沉淀、透析等对该酶进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE测得该酶的亚基分子量为60.5 ku;并得出该酶的最适温度是44℃,最适pH是6.0左右,金属离子Fe2+、K+对异构酶的反应有促进作用,Zn2+等对反应都起抑制作用.     

家蚕磷酸甘油醛异构酶Tpi基因的克隆

利用生物信息学方法成功地克隆了家蚕磷酸甘油醛异构酶(triosephosphateisomeraseTpi)基因(GenBank登记号为AY734490)。该基因全长为2875bp;含有5个外显子、4个内含子,所有内含子/外显子边界都符合典型的GT/AG剪切模式;cDNA序列全长1051bp,并经RTPCR克隆和序列分析进行了验证;具有完整的开放阅读框架(ORF,95~839bp),可编码248个氨基酸的蛋白。通过与NCBI蛋白数据库的比对表明,该基因编码的蛋白为磷酸甘油醛异构酶(EC5311),参与葡萄糖分解代谢,即将磷酸二羟丙酮转化为3磷酸甘油醛,在果蝇、蚊子、黄粉虫、美洲淤夜蛾、棉铃虫等昆虫中具有高度的保守性。     

Screening Test for Insecticides Interfering with Cuticular Sclerotization

The potential of known and new insecticides to interfere with cuticle sclerotization was investigated using assays for key enzymes such as phenoloxidase, quinone methide isomerase and DOPA decarboxylase. Homogenates from the blowfly Lucilia cuprina and from the epithelial cell line from Chironomus tentans were used to examine the compounds under investigation. Phenoloxidases are known to oxidize DOPA, the substrate for DOPA decarboxylase. Since phenoloxidases were not detectable in C. tentans cell homogenates, inhibitor and kinetic studies were done for comparison with DOPA decarboxylase of this insect cell line. DOPA decarboxylase and phenoloxidase of L. cuprina exerted highest specific activities at early pupal stages (day 7). The apparent K_m values for the two enzymes were 0·47(±0·21) mM and 0·71(±0·16) mM , respectively, using L -DOPA as substrate. DOPA decarboxylase from C. tentans had a K_m value of 0·42(±0·18) mM . Quinone methide isomerase was most active in young pupae. In terms of substrate specificity for enzymic (mushroom-tyrosinase) production of different quinones from their corresponding catechols, that with dopamine quinone proved to be the most efficient. Synthesis of derivatives of L -DOPA and L -tyrosine led to a compound which inhibited both phenoloxidase and quinone methide isomerase. DOPA decarboxylase from L. cuprina and from cells of C. tentans was inhibited by carbidopa (IC₅₀ values of 0·021(±0·011) μM and 0·031(±0·019) μM , respectively) and indomethacine (IC₅₀ values of 22·6(±7·1) μM and 18·8(±9·7) μM ). Both compounds exerted a competitive type of inhibition and were able to interfere with development of L. cuprina.     

小麦品种“陕253”PDI基因的克隆、原核表达及蛋白纯化

为进一步研究控制小麦蛋白二硫键形成的关键蛋白即蛋白质二硫键异构酶（PDI）,运用RT-PCR方法克隆出小麦品种＂陕253＂PDI基因的cDNA序列,基因登陆号为HQ911363。序列分析表明,HQ911363全长为1 539 bp,编码512个氨基酸,含有PDI典型的异构酶活性的催化位点-CGHC-和内质网驻留信号肽-KDEL-。构建该基因的原核表达载体,在宿主菌E.coliBL21（DE3）中经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,并对表达蛋白进行了纯化。SDS-PAGE及Western-blot检测证实融合蛋白诱导表达并纯化成功。