Agricultural Policy, Climate Factors and Grain Output： Evidence From Household Survey Data in Rural China

This paper estimates a stochastic frontier function using a panel data set that includes 4 961 farmer households for the period of 2005-2009 to decompose the growth of grain production and the total factor productivity (TFP) growth at the farmer level. The empirical results show that the major contributor to the grain output growth for farmers is input growth and that its average contribution accounts for 60.92% of farmer’s grain production growth in the period of 2006-2009, whereas the average contributions sourced from TFP growth and residuals are only 17.30 and 21.78%, respectively. The growth of intermediate inputs is a top contributor with an average contribution of 44.46%, followed by the planted area (18.16%), investment in fixed assets (1.05%), and labor input (-2.75%), indicating that the contribution from the farmer’s input growth is mainly due to the growth of intermediate inputs and that the decline in labor inputs has become an obstacle for farmers in seeking grain output growth. Among the elements consisting of TFP growth, the contribution of technical progress is the largest (32.04%), followed by grain subsidies (8.55%), the average monthly temperature (4.26%), the average monthly precipitation (-0.88%), the adjusted scale effect (-5.66%), and growth in technical efficiency (-21.01%). In general, the contribution of climate factors and agricultural policy factor are positive and significant.     

茶树叶片含水量对抗寒性的影响研究

以日照碧波茶业有限公司1#种质资源圃、茶科所试验基地和园区南茶北引基地种植的种质茶树为研究对象，采用阿贝折射仪法测量茶树叶片自由水含量，烘干法测量总含水量，通过计算得到束缚水含量，以此来分析不同茶树的抗寒性。束缚水含量最高的四个植株编号依次为201004111-12、200905112—11、D2—8和49。     

Evaluation of Lime Requirement Procedures and Liming Materials for Aquaculture Ponds in Thailand

Abstract

There were strong correlations between soil pH and pHof water (R² = 0.810) and total alkalinity (R² = 0.724) in laboratory soil-water systems prepared with acidic rainwater and pond soil samples from Thailand. Moreover, water pH and total alkalinity were highly correlated (R² = 0.987). Although soil carbonate concentration was not correlated with total alkalinity, there was a correlation between the product of soil carbonate and soil organic carbon and total alkalinity (R² = 0.482). Other soil properties, exchange acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and total sulfur, were either not correlated or weakly correlated with total alkalinity. Total alkalinity did not exceed 20 mg/L except in systems with soils containing free carbonate. A method that estimates the amount of liming material needed to completely base-saturate bottom soils and provides an excess of carbonate, should be used in Thailand and other places. Calcitic agricultural limestone gave higher total alkalinity concentration in soil-water systems than dolomitic agricultural limestone. There usually would be no justification for selecting higher-priced dolomitic limestone for use in ponds.     

电吸附技术处理高硬度高碱度废水的中试研究

以乌鲁木齐高新区北区再生水厂的出水作为原水,在不同重碳酸盐碱度(HCO3-)和不同总硬度的进水条件下,研究了电吸附设备对TDS、氯离子、总硬度和HCO3-的去除效果。结果表明,在进水HCO3-浓度为80mg/L,总硬度分别为340,770和1 200mg/L条件下,电吸附设备连续运行6个周期,除HCO3-外,设备对TDS、氯离子、总硬度的去除率较为稳定,当进水HCO3-浓度增加到440mg/L时,4项指标去除率均呈现逐渐下降趋势,且总硬度越高,TDS、氯化物和HCO3-的去除率下降越明显。分析认为电吸附设备在高重碳酸盐碱度进水条件下运行时,HCO3-与钙等硬度离子相互作用,导致电极板结垢,从而影了设备的脱盐效果。     

复杂山地森林固定大样地测设方法

简述了森林固定大样地测设基本要求;以南方地形复杂、森林茂密、通视性差的山地为例,从坐标原点确定、建立闭合导线和全站仪放样等方面介绍了复杂山地森林固定大样地闭合导线测设方法。     

Research Progress of Flavonoids of Medicago sativa on Animal Physiological Activity

Medicago sativa is one kind of excellent legumes and flavonoids are secondary plant substances which widely distribute in the natural world.This ingredient has bioactivity such as estrogenic effect,antioxidant and cardiovascular system improvement.The article reviewed the flavonoids bioactivity of Medicago sativa on animal and provided reference for further research and development of flavonoids of Medicago sativa.     

补饲对湘东黑山羊血液生化指标的影响

采用32只3~4月龄的湘东黑山羊,研究三种不同补饲水平对其血液生化指标的影响。设1个对照组与3个试验组,试验组平均补饲量依次按100 g/d、200 g/d、300 g/d。结果表明:肥育羔羊的血清尿素氮、钙、无机磷与总蛋白含量在各组间的变化范围依次是:19.77mg/dL~20.98 mg/dL、8.28 mg/dL~10.52 mg/dL、4.14 mg/dL~4.80 mg/dL、72.53 g/L~81.33 g/L。     

青麻总DNA的简易提取和鉴定

青麻成熟组织中酚类、黃酮类等次生代谢物较多,要从中提取出高纯度的DNA比较困难。本研究利用黄酮等次生代谢物未大量合成的青麻幼芽为材料,采用简化CTAB法提取青麻总DNA,可以获得高纯度、高产量的DNA。经实验鉴定,DNA纯度符合分子遗传实验要求。该方法快速、简便,也适于其它麻类作物总DNA提取。     

分光光度法测定仙人草中总黄酮的含量

以乙醇为提取剂,在乙醇体积分数为80%,温度60℃,料液比1∶40,提取时间2 h的条件下,回流提取仙人草中的总黄酮。以芦丁为标样,NaNO2—Al(NO3)3—NaOH显色体系进行显色,选择波长510 nm,采用分光光度法测定仙人草中的总黄酮含量。实验结果表明,仙人草中总黄酮含量为1.0%,加标回收率为99.3%,RSD为2.0%。方法简便,重现性好,数据准确。     

Chlorophyll Stability is an Indicator of Drought Tolerance in Peanut

Chlorophyll stability during drought might be a promising criterion for selection for drought resistance in peanut. The study describes two field trials conducted at Khon Kaen University, Thailand which investigate genotype × drought interactions in a wide range of peanut germplasm in general and assess the relationship between chlorophyll stability and genotypic performance in particular, under drought. Two field experiments (during 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 dry seasons) were conducted in a split plot design with three water regimes [field capacity, 2/3 available water (AW) and 1/3 AW] as main, and 12 peanut genotypes as subtreatments, replicated four times. Observations on total dry matter (TDM), chlorophyll density (ChlD) (chlorophyll content per unit leaf area), chlorophyll content (chlorophyll content per plant) and SPAD chlorophyll meter readings (SCMR) were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence. Transpiration (T) and transpiration efficiency (TE) were computed using the data on amount of water input and TDM. Drought stress significantly reduced TDM, T and chlorophyll content across genotypes but significantly increased TE and ChlD in peanut. However, there were significant differences among genotypes for TE and chlorophyll parameters. The genotype × drought interaction effects for chlorophyll characters (content and density) were not significant suggesting a strong genetic effect. The correlation coefficients between TDM and chlorophyll content (r = 0.51, P = 0.01 to r = 0.91, P = 0.01) and between TE and ChlD (r = 0.46, P = 0.05 to r = 0.77, P = 0.01) were positive and significant. These findings suggest that chlorophyll parameters are strongly linked with drought tolerance in peanut. There were highly significant and positive relationships between ChlD and SCMR (r = 0.67, P = 0.01 to r = 0.93, P = 0.01), between SCMR and TE (r = 0.41, P = 0.05 to r = 0.80, P = 0.01) suggesting that SCMR could be used as a tool for rapid assessment of relative chlorophyll status in peanut genotypes as well as for the indirect selection of drought tolerance in peanut.