基于计算机视觉技术的番茄叶片叶绿素含量的检测

 研究利用计算机视觉技术快速测定叶绿素含量的方法,建立了根据番茄叶片颜色特征确定其叶绿素含量的一元二次拟合模型。在计算机视觉图像采集系统中采集番茄叶片图像,利用MATLAB图像处理工具提取图像的颜色特征参数,对颜色特征参数和番茄功能叶叶绿素含量做相关分析,建立回归模型。结果表明：RGB颜色系统的R/G、(G-R)/(G+R)、G-R、色度坐标r、r-g及HIS颜色系统的H值均与叶绿素含量呈极显著非线性相关性,可用于测定番茄叶片叶绿素含量。从建立的6组模型中筛选出拟合度较高的3组模型进行检验,预测误差在0～22.22%之间。用预测精度最高的G-R颜色特征预测叶绿素含量的模型为Chl.a = 0.0926 + 0.1208 (G-R) - 0.0009 (G-R)²,Chl b = - 0.0252 + 0.0397 (G-R) - 0.0003 (G-R)²和Chl.(a+b) = 0.1271 + 0.1600 (G-R) - 0.0011 (G-R)²。     

梨叶片中苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的引物原位标记检测

 选用带苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的香梨叶片,制备成适合进行原位RT-PCR的石蜡切片。设计特异引物,利用引物原位标记技术对切片组织中的病毒进行了检测研究,结果表明,PRINS-FITC染色法和PRINS-Rhodamine染色法均能获得良好的检测效果,有病毒部位分别显示绿色荧光和红色荧光,而且荧光出现的位置与原位RT-PCR检测的结果一致。由此证明引物原位标记技术可用于果树病毒的原位检测。     

黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯复配对结球甘蓝种传黑斑病的抑菌效果研究

采用三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,确立了黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯对甘蓝链格孢菌抑制效果最佳的复配组合:黄连提取液13.48%、黄芩提取液15.56%、二氧化氯0.14%.用此复配剂浸种,芸苔链格孢菌和甘蓝链格孢菌的侵染率分别降低了97.33%和94.85%,且提高了种子发芽势及萌发相关酶活性.     

氮磷不同配比施肥对加工番茄生长及产量的影响

配方施肥明显改善了加工番茄的生长,增加了植株分枝数、单株坐果数和单果重,对提高加工番茄的产量有显著效果;过多的氮肥投入反而影响番茄的产量.结果表明:N:P2O5=1:1,投肥总量为施纯N 1.073～1.38 kg/hm2,P2O50.981～1.38 kg/hm2,产量和效益最佳.     

抗坏血酸钛对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响

抗坏血酸钛在樱桃番茄上的试验于2006～2008年进行,发现对樱桃番茄叶面喷施抗坏血酸钛具有显著的提高产量和改善品质的作用。叶面喷施10～20 mg/kg的钛2次,对促进保护地、露地樱桃番茄早熟增产、优质及提高经济效益效果显著。抗坏血酸钛能促进樱桃番茄植株生理活性增强,提高过氧化氢酶活性,有利于樱桃番茄叶绿素含量增加和光合作用强度提高,果实中可溶性固形物和维生素C含量增加等。     

樱桃番茄嫁接砧木筛选研究

以格格樱桃番茄作接穗,农优野茄、托鲁巴姆、金钻砧木和砧木1号作砧木,进行嫁接和嫁接苗栽培试验.试验结果表明.4种砧木与樱桃番茄嫁接亲和性由强到弱依次为:砧木1号、金钻砧木、农优野茄和托鲁巴姆;嫁接苗青枯病发病率与自根苗差异均达到极显著水平,嫁接苗产量比自根苗增产15.9%～48.7%,在抗青枯病和产量方面表现都比较好的砧木为农优野茄和砧木1号.     

高温对番茄光合作用的影响

温度在25℃之内,番茄光合速率随温度的升高增加较快,35℃以内光合速率随温度的上升而下降较慢,超过35℃光合速率迅速下降。高温引起光合速率下降有气孔因素也有非气孔因素。高温下叶绿素含量合成受阻,叶黄素、类胡萝卜素含量下降,且各种色素之间的比例也会发生一定的变化,并直接影响光能的吸收。     

膜下滴灌对加工番茄水分利用效率与品质的影响

在新疆石河子研究了膜下滴灌对加工番茄耗水特征、水分利用效率和品质的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌处理番茄总耗水量较常规沟灌降低8.37%~59.33%,总耗水量也随滴灌量的增加而增加。膜下滴灌加工番茄耗水量以盛果期最高,开花座果期次之,成熟期和苗期最低,其日耗水强度表现出先升后降的变化趋势,总体低于常规沟灌处理。与常规沟灌相比,膜下滴灌能提高番茄果实硬度、可溶性固形物、番茄红素、Vc、可溶性酸和总糖含量以及糖酸比。从节水高产灌溉的角度考虑,当地加工番茄膜下滴灌量以6150 m3/hm2较为适宜。     

配方施肥对基质栽培樱桃番茄产量、品质和环境的影响

采用有机肥配方施肥和常规营养液基质栽培樱桃番茄的试验结果表明：采用鸡粪＋花生麸、鸡粪＋ 茶麸和鸡粪＋ 花生麸＋ 茶麸等有机肥的配方施肥,可提高樱桃番茄产量、改善品质、降低成本并增加收入;纯鸡粪处理较对照减产,鸡粪加少量复合肥则增产增收。鸡粪＋ 茶麸处理的灌溉排出液硝酸盐含量低,对环境无污染。     

Investigation and genetic mapping of a Glomerella leaf spot resistance locus in apple

Apple Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe fungal disease that damages apple leaves during the summer in China. Breeding new apple varieties that are resistant to the disease is considered the best way of controlling GLS. Fine mapping and tightly linked marker are critically essential for the preselection of resistant seedlings. In this study, a population of 207 F₁ individuals derived from a cross between ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ was used to construct a fine simple sequence repeat (SSR)‐based genetic linkage map. The position of R_gls, a locus responsible for resistance to GLS, was identified on apple linkage group (LG) 15 using SSR markers CH05g05 and CH01d08, which was adapted from a published set of 300 SSR markers that were developed using the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method. These two SSR markers flanked the gene, and its recombination rate was 8.7% and 23.2%, respectively. A total of 276 newly developed SSR markers around the target region and designed from the genome apple assembly contig of LG15 were screened. Only nine of these were determined to be linked to the R_gls locus. Thus, a total of 11 SSR markers were in linkage with R_gls, and mapped at distances ranging from 0.5 to 33.8 cM. The closest marker to the R_gls locus was S0405127, which showed a genetic distance of approximately 0.5 cM. The first mapping of the gene R_gls was constructed, and the locations of the 11 effective primers in the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple genome sequence were anchored. This result facilitates better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the trait of resistance to GLS and could be used in improving the breeding efficiency of GLS‐resistant apple varieties.